Skip to content
2000
Volume 22, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 1567-2026
  • E-ISSN: 1875-5739

Abstract

Introduction

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) on oxidative and antioxidant systems in kidney tissue and on renal function as distant organ damage following brain ischemia-reperfusion.

Methods

This study was conducted on 28 male Wistar-Albino rats, which were divided into four groups: Control, Sham, Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R), and Ischemia-Reperfusion + DiOHF. Kidney tissue samples were collected to analyze malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Additionally, concentrations of electrolytes (Ca, Cl, Na, K, and P), as well as urea, uric acid, creatinine, and urinary microprotein levels, were measured.

Results

Brain ischemia-reperfusion led to increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both the kidney medulla and cortex, indicating oxidative stress in these distant organs, while glutathione (GSH) levels were suppressed. Additionally, ischemia-reperfusion caused elevations in blood and urine concentrations of urea, uric acid, creatinine, and urinary microproteins.

Discussion

This experimental model significantly elevated urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels, key indicators of kidney function, and similarly increased urinary microprotein loss. While our study demonstrates the detrimental effects of focal brain ischemia-reperfusion on kidney function as a distant organ, further research is needed to investigate its impact on other organs to gain a more comprehensive understanding of distant organ damage.

Conclusion

Results from this experimental model indicate that cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats suppresses the antioxidant system and increases oxidative stress in kidney tissue, leading to impaired renal function. However, a 1-week DiOHF treatment mitigated this damage by enhancing the antioxidant defense system.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cnr/10.2174/0115672026405662251007105724
2025-10-21
2026-03-04

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cnr/10.2174/0115672026405662251007105724
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Siwicka-GierobaD. RobbaC. GołackiJ. BadenesR. DabrowskiW. Cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption in brain-injured patients.J. Pers. Med.20221211176310.3390/jpm12111763 36573716
     [Google Scholar]
  2. BozicM. Advances in understanding molecular mechanisms involved in chronic kidney injury and repair.IJMS2024
     [Google Scholar]
  3. AkbasH. OzdenM. KankoM. Protective antioxidant effects of carvedilol in a rat model of ischaemia-reperfusion injury.J. Int. Med. Res.200533552853610.1177/147323000503300508
     [Google Scholar]
  4. DasdelenD. SolmazM. MogulkocR. BaltaciA.K. ErdoganE. Apoptosis of hippocampus and cerebellum induced with brain ischemia reperfusion prevented by 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF).Biotech. Histochem.202499522523710.1080/10520295.2024.2360496 38940209
     [Google Scholar]
  5. DurakV.A. SezerO. ArmaganE. ÇıkrıklarH.İ. ÇelebiH. Analysis of fluid and electrolyte imbalances in patients diagnosed with acute cerebrovascular disease.UUFMJ2022483307313
     [Google Scholar]
  6. RossiD.J. BradyJ.D. MohrC. Astrocyte metabolism and signaling during brain ischemia.Nat. Neurosci.200710111377138610.1038/nn2004 17965658
     [Google Scholar]
  7. SernaJ. BergwitzC. Importance of dietary phosphorus for bone metabolism and healthy aging.Nutrients20201210300110.3390/nu12103001 33007883
     [Google Scholar]
  8. LerinkL.J.S. de KokM.J.C. MulveyJ.F. Preclinical models versus clinical renal ischemia reperfusion injury: A systematic review based on metabolic signatures.Am. J. Transplant.202222234437010.1111/ajt.16868 34657378
     [Google Scholar]
  9. XuL. LiC. WanT. Targeting uric acid: A promising intervention against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.Cell Commun. Signal.2025231410.1186/s12964‑024‑01965‑4 39754256
     [Google Scholar]
  10. DuffyE.E. AssadE.G. KalishB.T. GreenbergM.E. Small but mighty: The rise of microprotein biology in neuroscience.Front. Mol. Neurosci.17138621910.3389/fnmol.2024.1386219 38807924
     [Google Scholar]
  11. MillerB. KimS.J. KumagaiH. YenK. CohenP. Mitochondria-derived peptides in aging and healthspan.J. Clin. Invest.2022132915844910.1172/JCI158449 35499074
     [Google Scholar]
  12. JiangW. ChenZ. XuJ. Proteinuria is a risk factor for acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in patients with stages 3–4 chronic kidney disease: A case control study.BMC Cardiovasc. Disord.20232317710.1186/s12872‑023‑03102‑4 36759765
     [Google Scholar]
  13. DasdelenD. SolmazM. MenevseE. MogulkocR. BaltaciA.K. ErdoganE. Increased apoptosis, tumor necrosis factor-α, and DNA damage attenuated by 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavonol in rats with brain İschemia-reperfusion.Indian J. Pharmacol.2021531394910.4103/ijp.IJP_727_20 33975998
     [Google Scholar]
  14. UchiyamaM. MiharaM. Determination of malonaldehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test.Anal. Biochem.197886127127810.1016/0003‑2697(78)90342‑1 655387
     [Google Scholar]
  15. KaurJ. KaurT. SharmaA.K. Fenofibrate attenuates ischemia reperfusion‐induced acute kidney injury and associated liver dysfunction in rats.Drug Dev. Res.202182341242110.1002/ddr.21764 33226649
     [Google Scholar]
  16. HuY. NanY. LinH. Celastrol ameliorates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.Pediatr. Res.20249671681169210.1038/s41390‑024‑03246‑9 38763946
     [Google Scholar]
  17. PengP. ZouJ. ZhongB. ZhangG. ZouX. XieT. Protective effects and mechanisms of flavonoids in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.Pharmacology20231081273610.1159/000527262
     [Google Scholar]
  18. WangW. TaiS. ChengX. Protective role of exosomes in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Front. Pharmacol.202516165390710.3389/fphar.2025.1653907
     [Google Scholar]
  19. KompaA.R. KhongF.L. ZhangY. NP202 treatment improves left ventricular systolic function and attenuates pathological remodelling following chronic myocardial infarction.Life Sci.202228912022010.1016/j.lfs.2021.120220 34902438
     [Google Scholar]
  20. AladagT. AcarG. MogulkocR. BaltaciA.K. Improvement of neuronal and cognitive functions following treatment with 3′,4′ dihydroxyflavonol in experimental focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Eur. J. Pharmacol.202497617667010.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176670 38795755
     [Google Scholar]
  21. ZhaoQ. YanT. ChoppM. VenkatP. ChenJ. Brain–kidney interaction: Renal dysfunction following ischemic stroke.J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab.202040224626210.1177/0271678X19890931 31766979
     [Google Scholar]
  22. DulamV. KattaS. NakkaV.P. Stroke and distal organ damage: Exploring brain-kidney crosstalk.Neurochem. Res.20244971617162710.1007/s11064‑024‑04126‑8 38376748
     [Google Scholar]
  23. WangI.K. LiuC.H. YenT.H. Renal function is associated with 1-month and 1-year mortality in patients with ischemic stroke.Atherosclerosis201826928829310.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.11.029 29254692
     [Google Scholar]
  24. ChwojnickiK. KrólE. WieruckiŁ. Renal dysfunction in post-stroke patients.PLoS One2016118015977510.1371/journal.pone.0159775 27575370
     [Google Scholar]
  25. HaseltonJ.R. VariR.C. Neuronal cell bodies in paraventricular nucleus affect renal hemodynamics and excretion via the renal nerves.Am. J. Physiol.19982754R1334R134210.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.4.R1334 9756566
     [Google Scholar]
  26. GreenH.D. HoffE.C. Effects of faradic stimulation of the cerebral cortex on limb and renal volumes in the cat and monkey.Am. J. Physiol.1937118464165810.1152/ajplegacy.1937.118.4.641
     [Google Scholar]
  27. ButcherK.S. CechettoD.F. Insular lesion evokes autonomic effects of stroke in normotensive and hypertensive rats.Stroke199526345946510.1161/01.STR.26.3.459 7886725
     [Google Scholar]
  28. MracskoE. LieszA. KarcherS. ZornM. BariF. VeltkampR. Differential effects of sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis on systemic immune cells after severe experimental stroke.Brain Behav. Immun.20144120020910.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.015 24886966
     [Google Scholar]
  29. SmetsP. MeyerE. MaddensB. DaminetS. Cushing’s syndrome, glucocorticoids and the kidney.Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.2010169111010.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.004 20655918
     [Google Scholar]
  30. FujiiT. KurataH. TakaokaM. The role of renal sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of ischemic acute renal failure.Eur. J. Pharmacol.20034812-324124810.1016/j.ejphar.2003.09.036 14642792
     [Google Scholar]
  31. MogiM. KawajiriM. TsukudaK. MatsumotoS. YamadaT. HoriuchiM. Serum levels of renin-angiotensin system components in acute stroke patients.Geriatr. Gerontol. Int.201414479379810.1111/ggi.12167 24279732
     [Google Scholar]
  32. ZhangW. WangW. YuH. Interleukin 6 underlies angiotensin II-induced hypertension and chronic renal damage.Hypertension201259113614410.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.173328 22068875
     [Google Scholar]
  33. JoyntR.J. FeibelJ.H. SladekC.M. Antidiuretic hormone levels in stroke patients.Ann. Neurol.19819218218410.1002/ana.410090212 7235633
     [Google Scholar]
  34. ImigJ.D. RyanM.J. Immune and inflammatory role in renal disease.Compr. Physiol.20133295797610.1002/j.2040‑4603.2013.tb00511.x 23720336
     [Google Scholar]
  35. BrownN.J. Contribution of aldosterone to cardiovascular and renal inflammation and fibrosis.Nat. Rev. Nephrol.20139845946910.1038/nrneph.2013.110 23774812
     [Google Scholar]
  36. LadenvallC. JoodK. BlomstrandC. NilssonS. JernC. LadenvallP. Serum C-reactive protein concentration and genotype in relation to ischemic stroke subtype.Stroke20063782018202310.1161/01.STR.0000231872.86071.68 16809555
     [Google Scholar]
  37. StuvelingE.M. HillegeH.L. BakkerS.J.L. GansR.O.B. de JongP.E. de ZeeuwD. C-reactive protein is associated with renal function abnormalities in a non-diabetic population.Kidney Int.200363265466110.1046/j.1523‑1755.2003.00762.x 12631131
     [Google Scholar]
  38. WangW. KokaV. LanH. Transforming growth factor‐β and Smad signalling in kidney diseases.Nephrology2005101485610.1111/j.1440‑1797.2005.00334.x 15705182
     [Google Scholar]
  39. WytrykowskaA. Prosba-MackiewiczM. NykaW.M. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in gingival fluid and serum of patients with ischemic stroke.J. Oral Sci.201658450951310.2334/josnusd.16‑0278 28025434
     [Google Scholar]
  40. ChodobskiA. ZinkB.J. Szmydynger-ChodobskaJ. Blood-brain barrier pathophysiology in traumatic brain injury.Transl. Stroke Res.20112449251610.1007/s12975‑011‑0125‑x 22299022
     [Google Scholar]
  41. BaudL. ArdaillouR. Reactive oxygen species: Production and role in the kidney.Am. J. Physiol.19862515 Pt 2F765F77610.1152/ajprenal.1986.251.5.F765 3022602
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cnr/10.2174/0115672026405662251007105724
Loading
Effect of 3',4'-dihydroxy Flavonol Supplementation for One Week on Renal Functions and Lipid Peroxidation as Distant Organ Damage After Brain Ischemia-reperfusion in Rats
Curr Neurovasc Res 22, 237 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672026405662251007105724
/content/journals/cnr/10.2174/0115672026405662251007105724
/content/journals/cnr/10.2174/0115672026405662251007105724
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol; brain ischemia reperfusion; elements; glutathione; kidney injury; malondialdehyde

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test