Skip to content
2000
Volume 10, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1573-4013
  • E-ISSN: 2212-3881

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the efficacy of zeolite addition in the reduction of aflatoxin B (AFB) levels in household bread waste used as animal feed. Three levels of zeolite (1, 3 and 5%) were added to two dry bread waste samples naturally contaminated by AFB at 11.48 and 4.8 ppm levels. Samples were then analyzed before zeolite treatment (day 0) and after 7 and 14 days of storage for chemical (pH, moisture content and ash) and microbial (mesophilic bacteria and molds) changes as well as aflatoxin levels relative to the control. Data analysis showed that aflatoxin levels significantly decreased as zeolite and storage time increased, so that the lowest level of aflatoxin was found in sample treated with 5% zeolite after 14 days of storage compared with the control (p<0.05). Such a trend was also observed in bacterial and mold counts. However, storage time had less effect than zeolite. Chemical analyses of bread samples exhibited significant increases in pH values and corresponding decreases in moisture and ash contents in all storage time points compared with the control. These findings suggest zeolite addition as a viable method of reduction of AFB levels in household bread waste used as animal feed.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cnf/10.2174/1573401310666140306225620
2014-05-01
2025-09-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. HuwigaA. FreimundS. KappelibH. Mycotoxin detoxication of animal feed by different adsorbents.Toxicol. Lett.2001122179188
    [Google Scholar]
  2. JayJ.M. LoessnerM.J. GoldenD.A. Modern Food Microbiology, 7th ed.Springer ScienceNew York2005
    [Google Scholar]
  3. VeldmanA. MeijesA.C. BorggreveG.J. Carry-over of aflatoxin from cow’s food to milk.Anim. Product.199255163168
    [Google Scholar]
  4. YiannikourisA. JouanyJ.P. Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: A review.Anim. Res.2002518199
    [Google Scholar]
  5. ShahnoushiN. SaghaianS. ReedM. FiroozzareA. alerajabiM. Investigation of factors affecting consumers’ bread wastage.J Agri Econ Dev20132246254
    [Google Scholar]
  6. MortazaviS.A. Rahimi YazdiS. Ghiafe DavoodiM. Proceedings of National Conference of Food Science & Technology 1993.Evaluation of Aflatoxigenic Molds and Measurement of Their Aflatoxins in Dry Breads.PP. 133147
    [Google Scholar]
  7. PhillipsT.D. KubenaL.F. HarveyR.B. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate: A high affinity sorbent for aflatoxin.Poult. Sci.198867243247
    [Google Scholar]
  8. RamosA.J. Fink-GremmelsJ. HernandezE. Prevention of toxic effects of mycotoxins by means of nonnutritive aadsorbent compounds.J. Food Prot.199659631641
    [Google Scholar]
  9. DollS. DanickeS. ValentaH. In vitro Studies on the evaluation of mycotoxin detoxifying agents for their efficacy on deoxynivalenol and zearalenone.Arch. Anim. Nutr.200458311324
    [Google Scholar]
  10. PapaioannouD. KatsoulosP.D. PanousisN. The role of natural and synthetic zeolites as feed additives on the prevention and/or the treatment of certain farm animal diseases: A review.Micropor Mesoporous Mat.200584161170
    [Google Scholar]
  11. PhillipsT.D. SarrA.B. GrantP.G. Selective chemisorptions and detoxification of aflatoxins by phyllosilicate clay.Nat. Toxins19953204213
    [Google Scholar]
  12. AOAC 943.02. pH of Flour, Potentiometric Method.Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International18th ed.Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA2005
    [Google Scholar]
  13. AOAC 925.10. Moisture in Bread.Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International18th ed.Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA2005
    [Google Scholar]
  14. AOAC 930.22. Ash of Bread.Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International18th ed.Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA2005
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Pouch DownesF ItoK Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods4th ed.American Public Health AssociationWashington, DC2001
    [Google Scholar]
  16. AOAC 999.07. Aflatoxin B1 & Total Aflatoxins in Peanut Butter, Pistachio Paste, Fig Paste & Paprika Powder. Immunoaffinity Column Liquid Chromatography with Post-Column Derivatization.Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International18th ed.Chapter 49, Natural ToxinsGaithersburg, Maryland, USA2005
    [Google Scholar]
  17. JaynesW.F. ZartmanR.E. HundnallW.H. Aflatoxin B1 adsorption by clays from water and corn meal.Appl. Clay Sci.200636197205
    [Google Scholar]
  18. PunyapalakulP. SoonglerdsongphaS. KanlayaprasitC. Effects of crystalline structures and surface functional groups on the adsorption of haloacetic acids by inorganic materials.J. Hazard. Mater.2009171491499
    [Google Scholar]
  19. NikawaH. YamamotoT. HamadaT. Antifungal effect of zeolite-incorporated tissue conditioner against Candida albicans growth and/or acid production.J. Oral Rehabil.199724350357
    [Google Scholar]
  20. LoosdrechetM.C.M. LyklemaJ. NordeW. Influence of interfaces on microbial activity.Microbiol. Rev.1990547587
    [Google Scholar]
  21. KubotaM. NakabayashiT. MatsumotoY. Selective adsorption of bacterial cells onto zeolites.Colloid Surf.2008648897
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cnf/10.2174/1573401310666140306225620
Loading
/content/journals/cnf/10.2174/1573401310666140306225620
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:
    Research Article
Keyword(s): aflatoxin; cattle feed; household bread waste; reduction; Zeolite
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test