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image of Investigation of Polyphenol Composition and the Bioactivities of Shoots, Seeds, and Skins of Georgian Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Varieties

Abstract

Introduction

Grape-derived products constitute a significant and affordable source of natural bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols. Regular consumption of these substances is associated with reduced cases of various degenerative and long-term illnesses, largely due to their potent antioxidant properties that combat oxidative stress. This study aimed to explore the phenolic composition of grape-derived products from three Georgian grape varieties and evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Methods

Phenolic compounds were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and the DCFH-DA assay on WS1 human fibroblasts were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via nitrite quantification in RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with extracts.

Results

Saperavi seeds demonstrated highest value for phenolic composition, as well as antioxidant activity with an IC value of 18 µg/mL and ORAC of 0.9 µmol TE/mg. Anti-inflam-matory properties were most prominent in seed extracts of Kisi (53% inhibition), Rkatsiteli (41.7%), and Saperavi (39.5%).

Discussion

Polyphenol profiles varied by grape tissue; Saperavi seeds were rich in flavanols, while skins contained anthocyanins, such as delphinidin-3-O-glucoside. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities also differed by variety; notably, Kisi seeds showed highest NO inhibition. These results highlighted tissue- and variety-dependent polyphenol distribution and bioactivity.

Conclusion

Grape-derived products, particularly seeds and skins, are rich in polyphenols with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This evidence valorizes grape by-products as sustainable sources of natural bioactives suitable for functional food and pharmaceutical applications.

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2025-09-12
2025-12-09

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/content/journals/cnf/10.2174/0115734013400039250904104409
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Investigation of Polyphenol Composition and the Bioactivities of Shoots, Seeds, and Skins of Georgian Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Varieties
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734013400039250904104409
/content/journals/cnf/10.2174/0115734013400039250904104409
/content/journals/cnf/10.2174/0115734013400039250904104409
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: phenolic compounds ; polyphenols ; antimicrobial ; Grape-derived products ; antioxidant activity ; anti-inflammatory activity

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