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2000
Volume 21, Issue 5
  • ISSN: 1573-4137
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6786

Abstract

Background

Recently, there has been a lot of interest in environmentally friendly nanoparticle synthesis. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are promising against antibiotic resistance due to their high surface energy, robust action, and excellent adsorbability.

Aim

The primary objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs that were manufactured using three environmentally friendly methods (lemon, , and chitosan). Furthermore, the study attempted to investigate the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles on mice.

Methods

The synthesis of AgNPs was characterized by XRD, TEM FTIR, and TGA. The antimicrobial effect of AgNPs was studied using the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antibacterial mechanism of AgNPs was determined using different methods, such as released glucose and proteins, respiratory chain inhibition, plasma membrane fluorescence anisotropy, DNA fragmentation, gel electrophoresis, and cell membrane potential.

Results

The TEM analysis of Ag NPs showed predominantly spherical particles with a size distribution of 10-60 nm. AgNPs synthesized by the three green methods showed antibacterial and fungal activity. The antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs involved inhibition of LDH activity, increased protein and glucose leakage, DNA and protein damage, and depolarization and destabilization of the plasma membrane. AgNPs, on the other hand, increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels in mice while decreasing glutathione reduced.

Conclusion

Our study showed that AgNPs synthesized by Chitosan-AgNPs showed the most pronounced antibacterial action, although it displayed significant toxicity in mice. Conversely, lemon-AgNPs revealed the least notable impact.

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/content/journals/cnano/10.2174/0115734137275299231220093929
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Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial and Toxicity Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Streptomyces, Lemon, and Chitosan
Curr. Nanosci. 21, 889 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137275299231220093929
/content/journals/cnano/10.2174/0115734137275299231220093929
/content/journals/cnano/10.2174/0115734137275299231220093929
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): antibacterial; antifungal; chitosan; lemon; oxidative stress; Silver nanoparticle; Streptomyces

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