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Volume 21, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1573-4056
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6603
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Abstract

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common disabling central nervous system diseases affecting young adults. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool for diagnosing and following up multiple sclerosis. Over the years, many MRI techniques have been developed to improve the sensitivity of MS disease detection. In recent years synthetic MRI (sMRI) and quantitative MRI (qMRI) have gained traction in neuroimaging applications, providing more detailed information than traditional acquisition methods. These techniques enable the detection of microstructural changes in the brain with high sensitivity and robustness to inter-scanner and inter-observer variability. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using these techniques to avoid administering intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for assessing MS disease activity and monitoring.

Materials and Methods

Forty-two known MS patients, aged 20 to 45, were scanned as part of their routine follow-up. MAGnetic resonance image Compilation (MAGiC) sequence, an implementation of synthetic MRI, was added to our institute's routine MS protocol to automatically generate quantitative maps of T1, T2, and PD. T1, T2, PD, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) data were collected from regions of interest (ROIs) representing normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), enhancing, and non-enhancing MS lesions. The extracted information was compared, and statistically analyzed, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

Results

The mean R1 (the reciprocal of T1) value of the non-enhancing MS lesions was 0.694 s-1 (T1=1440 ms), for enhancing lesions 1.015 s-1 (T1=985ms), and for NAWM 1.514 s-1 (T1=660ms). For R2 (the reciprocal of T2) values, the mean value was 6.816 s-1 (T2=146ms) for non-enhancing lesions, 8.944 s−1 (T2=112 ms) for enhancing lesions, and 1.916 s−1 (T2=522 ms) for NAWM. PD values averaged 93.069% for non-enhancing lesions, 82.260% for enhancing lesions, and 67.191% for NAWM. For ADC, the mean value for non-enhancing lesions was 1216.60×10−6 mm2/s, for enhancing lesions 1016.66×10−6 mm2/s, and for NAWM 770.51×10−6 mm2/s.

Discussion

Our results indicate that enhancing and non-enhancing MS lesions significantly decrease R1 and R2 values. Non-enhancing lesions have significantly lower R1 and R2 values compared to enhancing lesions.

Conclusion

Conversely, PD values are significantly higher in non-enhancing lesions than in enhancing lesions. For ADC, while NAWM has lower values, there was minimal difference between the mean ADC values of enhancing and non-enhancing lesions.

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publishers.
This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
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The Value of Using Quantitative MRI based on Synthetic Acquisition and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Monitor Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Activity
Curr. Med. Imaging 21, E15734056343086 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056343086250103020830
/content/journals/cmir/10.2174/0115734056343086250103020830
/content/journals/cmir/10.2174/0115734056343086250103020830
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): Apparent diffusion coefficient; Gadolinium-based contrast agents; Multiple scleroses; Proton density; Quantitative MRI; Relaxation times; Synthetic MRI

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