Current Indian Science - Volume 2, Issue 1, 2024

Introduction: Nanoencapsulation has gained popularity in recent decades due to its numerous benefits, such as improved stability, oxidation resistance, retention of volatile ingredients, controlled release, delivery of multiple active ingredients in a row, improvement in organoleptic properties, reduction of toxic side effects, and water solubility.

Methods: The present study was aimed to prepare eugenol nanoemulsions (EuNEs) using non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) by ultrasound-assisted techniques and to evaluate the effects of surfactant concentration on their droplets size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, storage stability, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared nanoemulsions was tested against Gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, and Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria using well diffusion method.

Results: The results showed that the droplet size decreased after a threshold Tween 80 concentration (10%), while PDI value increased with the increase in surfactant concentration (Tween 80).

Conclusion: The prepared EuNEs exhibited good antibacterial activity against all the four bacterial strains: E. coli, A. faecalis, S. aureus, and B. subtilis.

API analysis plays an important role in nourishing the quality, safety, efficacy, and potency of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. Increased drug products in the market lead to increased demand for new analytical techniques for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) analysis. During the past decades, method developments were necessitated for drug impurities, excipient profiling, and testing for biopharmaceuticals like dissolution and bioavailability. Moreover, advancements in the pharmaceutical industries necessitate upgrading newer technologies like analytical Quality by Design (QbD) and artificial intelligence. This review focused on analytical method development and its official guidelines provided by various regulatory bodies including ICH, US-FDA, AOAC, and USP. Moreover, this present art also states various validation and system parameters along with their applicability and recommended range. The critical appraisal of analytical technologies for performing various API analyses was also written in a scientific manner. Moreover, applications in recent trends in pharmaceutical industries as well as research were also documented. Hence, this review provides sufficient information for the readers for in-depth information starting from scratch to higher technologies for developing analytical methods and recent trends in the pharmaceutical industry.