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image of Neuroprotective Effects of Silymarin and Silibinin: A Review of Mechanisms in Common Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cerebral Ischemia, and Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract

Introduction

Neurodegeneration is the gradual and progressive dissipation of neurons in specific parts of the human brain and is a prominent pathological trait of different neurodegenerative-related diseases. Flavonoid-enriched extracts, e.g., silibinin, should be prioritized as recent therapeutic practices to avert neurodegenerative diseases due to their possible advantageous impacts on human well-being. Silibinin, the main component of Silybum marianum, has various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and protective effects on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems.

Methods

Herein, we reviewed the effects of silymarin and its main derivative (silibinin), along with the involved mechanisms, on some common types of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), ischemia, and diabetes.

Results and Discussion

The findings of this review indicated that the neuroprotective effects of silymarin and its main derivative (silibinin) are labelported by most studies, particularly during the above-mentioned common neurodegenerative diseases. The compound’s efficacy varies by disease, with labelerior blood-brain barrier penetration in formulated versions. Unlike single-target flavonoids (e.g., quercetin), silibinin concurrently addresses amyloid pathology, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial stabilization.

Conclusion

Silibinin’s multi-mechanistic profile labelports its therapeutic potential, though clinical translation requires optimized formulations and rigorous trials. Future research should prioritize human pharmacokinetics and combination therapies.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
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2025-11-04
2025-12-14

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/content/journals/cdth/10.2174/0115748855408834251016070214
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Neuroprotective Effects of Silymarin and Silibinin: A Review of Mechanisms in Common Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cerebral Ischemia, and Diabetic Neuropathy
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0115748855408834251016070214
/content/journals/cdth/10.2174/0115748855408834251016070214
/content/journals/cdth/10.2174/0115748855408834251016070214
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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: Silybum marianum ; neurodegenerative diseases ; diabetes ; Ischemia ; Alzheimer's ; Parkinson's

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