Skip to content
2000
image of Exploring the potential of Phytotherapeutics against Auto-inflammatory Disorders: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction

Various inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis, neuralgia, soft tissue injuries, and neuropathic pain, significantly affect daily quality of life. Among these, Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are the most common types, often leading to joint discomfort and reduced quality of life. Conventional treatments like NSAIDs, though effective for pain relief, are associated with adverse effects, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This review aims to highlight the potential role of herbal medicines in managing arthritis and reducing inflammation.

Methods

A review of studies was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, covering literature up to 2025. Experimental animal models like collagen-induced, CFA-induced, and carrageenan-induced arthritis in rats were considered. A total of 182 relevant articles were reviewed.

Results

Herbal formulations have been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-10, and IL-18, while also minimizing oxidative stress and joint inflammation. These findings support their therapeutic application in inflammatory disorders.

Discussion

The review focuses on medicinal plants known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities, supported by both traditional usage and scientific evidence. Notable plant-based compounds discussed include curcumin, , and , all of which have shown promise in managing arthritis symptoms.

Conclusion

Despite regulatory and standardization challenges, herbal medicines demonstrate significant potential in treating arthritis. Their effectiveness in controlling inflammation and oxidative damage may lead to wider acceptance and use in future clinical practice.

© 2026 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cdrr/10.2174/0125899775393768251125072528
2026-01-22
2026-02-23

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cdrr/10.2174/0125899775393768251125072528
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Okin D. Medzhitov R. Evolution of inflammatory diseases. Curr. Biol. 2012 22 17 R733 R740 10.1016/j.cub.2012.07.02922975004
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Placha D. Jampilek J. Chronic inflammatory diseases, anti-inflammatory agents and their delivery nanosystems. Pharmaceutics 2021 13 1 64 10.3390/pharmaceutics1301006433419176
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Rainsford K. Anti-inflammatory drugs in the 21st century. Subcell. Biochem. 2007 42 3 27 10.1007/1‑4020‑5688‑5_117612044
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Ricciotti E. FitzGerald G.A. Prostaglandins and inflammation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2011 31 5 986 1000 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.20744921508345
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Wautier J.L. Wautier M.P. Pro-and anti-inflammatory prostaglandins and cytokines in humans: A mini review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023 24 11 9647 10.3390/ijms2411964737298597
    [Google Scholar]
  6. McInnes I.B. Schett G. Cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2007 7 6 429 442 10.1038/nri209417525752
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Kaur A. Nain P. Nain J. Herbal plants used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A review. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2012 4 4 44 57
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Subramoniam A. Madhavachandran V. Gangaprasad A. Medicinal plants in the treatment of arthritis. Ann. Phytomed. 2013 2 1 3 6
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Radu A.F. Bungau S.G. Management of rheumatoid arthritis: An overview. Cells 2021 10 11 2857 10.3390/cells1011285734831081
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Badghaish M.M.O. Qorban G.N.M. Albaqami A.S. Rheumatoid arthritis, pathophysiology and management. Egypt. J. Hosp. Med. 2018 70 11 1898 1903 10.12816/0044839
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Weyand C.M. Goronzy J.J. The immunology of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Immunol. 2021 22 1 10 18 10.1038/s41590‑020‑00816‑x33257900
    [Google Scholar]
  12. van de Laar M. Pergolizzi J.V. Mellinghoff H.U. Pain treatment in arthritis-related pain: Beyond NSAIDs. Open Rheumatol. J. 2012 6 1 320 330 10.2174/187431290120601032023264838
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Pisetsky D.S. St Clair E.W. Progress in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA 2001 286 22 2787 2790 10.1001/jama.286.22.278711735734
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kidd B.L. Langford R.M. Wodehouse T. Arthritis and pain. Current approaches in the treatment of arthritic pain. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2007 9 3 214 10.1186/ar214717572915
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Cameron M. Gagnier J.J. Little C.V. Parsons T.J. Blümle A. Chrubasik S. Evidence of effectiveness of herbal medicinal products in the treatment of arthritis. Part I: Osteoarthritis. Phytother. Res. 2009 23 11 1497 1515 10.1002/ptr.300719856319
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Soeken K.L. Miller S.A. Ernst E. Herbal medicines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Br. J. Rheumatol. 2003 42 5 652 659 10.1093/rheumatology/keg18312709541
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Sharma S. Singh B. Bala K. Thakur A. Manisha S.K. Ashawat M.S. Exploring treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review of herbal and synthetic therapies. YMER Digital 2023 22 6 1302 1318
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lindler B.N. Long K.E. Taylor N.A. Lei W. Use of herbal medications for treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Medicines 2020 7 11 67 10.3390/medicines711006733126603
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Vaprath Kuniyil A.R. Soman D. Kundagol M.C. Chacko J. Efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment protocol in gouty arthritis – A clinical study. J. Complement. Integr. Med. 2023 20 1 278 283 10.1515/jcim‑2020‑030133977680
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Dhaval Patel D.P. Ginpreet Kaur G.K. Sawant M.G. Pradeep Deshmukh P.D. Herbal medicine − a natural cure to arthritis. Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour. 2013 4 1 27 35
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Wang Y. Chen S. Du K. Traditional herbal medicine: Therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2021 279 114368 10.1016/j.jep.2021.11436834197960
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Chen Q. Yi D.I. Perez J.N.J. The molecular basis and pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022 23 7 3604 10.3390/ijms2307360435408959
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Nicola Montano N. Conforti G. Di Bonaventura R. Meglio M. Fernandez E. Papacci F. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Ther. Clin. Risk Manag. 2015 11 289 299 10.2147/TCRM.S3759225750533
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Lin CS Lin YC Lao HC Chen CC Interventional treatments for postherpetic neuralgia: A systematic review. Pain Physician 2019 3 22;3 209 28 10.36076/ppj/2019.22.20931151330
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Çankal D. Akkol E.K. Kılınç Y. İlhan M. Capasso R. An effective phytoconstituent aconitine: A realistic approach for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Mediators Inflamm. 2021 2021 1 6676063 10.1155/2021/667606333935591
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Verma S. Jain C.P. Chauhan L.S. Shukla A.K. A review on treatment and management of neuropathic pain with herbal folk drugs. Asian J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2016 2 5 104 110
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Heydarirad G. Tavakoli A. Cooley K. Pasalar M. A review on medical plants advised for neuralgia from the perspective of “canon of medicine”. Adv. Integr. Med. 2021 8 3 230 235 10.1016/j.aimed.2020.08.006
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Jeon H. Lee S. Kim S.A. Lee U. Lee S. Oral herbal medicine for treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 101 52 32484 10.1097/MD.000000000003248436595985
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Al-Ruwaili S.S.Q. Alasmari M.A.S. Albalawi R.H.M. Soft tissue injuries management in emergency department: A review. J. Pharm. Res. Int. 2021 33 40B 57 63 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i40B32263
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Tu Y.K. On Tong G. Wu C.H. Sananpanich K. Kakinoki R. Soft-tissue injury in orthopaedic trauma. Injury 2008 39 Suppl. 4 3 17 10.1016/j.injury.2008.08.02718804581
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Tyagi A. Bhardwaj S. Kumar Gaur P. Singh M. A review on topical nanocarrier system of nsaids in the management of soft tissue injury. Int J All Res Educ Sci Methods 2021 9 4 656 665
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Pereira R.F. Bártolo P.J. Traditional therapies for skin wound healing. Adv. Wound Care 2016 5 5 208 229 10.1089/wound.2013.050627134765
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Finnerup N.B. Haroutounian S. Kamerman P. Neuropathic pain: An updated grading system for research and clinical practice. Pain 2016 157 8 1599 1606 10.1097/j.pain.000000000000049227115670
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Szok D. Tajti J. Nyári A. Vécsei L. Trojano L. Therapeutic approaches for peripheral and central neuropathic pain. Behav. Neurol. 2019 2019 1 1 13 10.1155/2019/868595431871494
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Alles S.R.A. Smith P.A. Etiology and pharmacology of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol. Rev. 2018 70 2 315 347 10.1124/pr.117.01439929500312
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Saedeghi H. Sadeghi N. Raziani Y. Annaiah Sridhar K. Ghasemian Yadegari J. Nabi Moradi M. Ameliorating effects of Astragalus maximus methanolic extract on inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Herbmed Pharmacol 2023 12 3 413 418 10.34172/jhp.2023.45
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Gilron I. Baron R. Jensen T. Neuropathic pain: Principles of diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2015 90 4 532 545 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.01.01825841257
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Rosenberger D.C. Blechschmidt V. Timmerman H. Wolff A. Treede R.D. Challenges of neuropathic pain: Focus on diabetic neuropathy. J. Neural Transm. 2020 127 4 589 624 10.1007/s00702‑020‑02145‑732036431
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Moisset X. Bouhassira D. Avez Couturier J. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for neuropathic pain: Systematic review and French recommendations. Rev. Neurol. 2020 176 5 325 352 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.01.36132276788
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Nascimento O.J.M. Pessoa B.L. Orsini M. Neuropathic pain treatment: Still a challenge. Neurol. Int. 2016 8 2 6322 10.4081/ni.2016.632227441065
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Cavalli E. Mammana S. Nicoletti F. Bramanti P. Mazzon E. The neuropathic pain: An overview of the current treatment and future therapeutic approaches. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2019 33 2058738419838383 10.1177/205873841983838330900486
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Forouzanfar F. Hosseinzadeh H. Medicinal herbs in the treatment of neuropathic pain: A review. Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci. 2018 21 4 347 358 10.22038/IJBMS.2018.24026.602129796216
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Singh H. Bhushan S. Arora R. Singh Buttar H. Arora S. Singh B. Alternative treatment strategies for neuropathic pain: Role of Indian medicinal plants and compounds of plant origin-A review. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2017 92 634 650 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.07928578258
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Li S.H. Li L. Yang R.N. Liang S.D. Compounds of traditional Chinese medicine and neuropathic pain. Chin. J. Nat. Med. 2020 18 1 28 35 10.1016/S1875‑5364(20)30002‑931955821
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Tiwari R. Siddiqui M.H. Mahmood T. Bagga P. Ahsan F. Shamim A. Herbal remedies: A boon for diabetic neuropathy. J. Diet. Suppl. 2019 16 4 470 490 10.1080/19390211.2018.144120329580105
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Jahromi B. Pirvulescu I. Candido K.D. Knezevic N.N. Herbal medicine for pain management: Efficacy and drug interactions. Pharmaceutics 2021 13 2 251 10.3390/pharmaceutics1302025133670393
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Arienti C. Can herbal medicinal products or preparations alleviate neuropathic pain in adults? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary. NeuroRehabilitation 2021 48 1 149 152 10.3233/NRE‑20900933386827
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Solanki N.D. Bhavsar S.K. Pandya D.T. Role of phytotherapy in diabetic neuropathy and neurodegeneration: From pathogenesis to treatment. J Phytopharmacol 2018 7 2 152 161 10.31254/phyto.2018.7209
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Oyagbemi A.A. Hassan F.O. Adebiyi O.E. Neuroprotective effect of Launaea taraxacifolia against neuroinflammation, memory loss and neurobehavioral deficit in a rat model of hypertension: Biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches. J Herbmed Pharmacol 2024 13 3 390 398 10.34172/jhp.2024.44768
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Kim Y. Lee S. Choi Y.A. Magnolia kobus DC leaf ethanol extract alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung inflammation by suppressing NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 2024 13 1 90 100 10.34172/jhp.2024.48116
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Nimesh S. Herbal drug is better than allopathic drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Int. J. Pharmacogn. 2018 5 9 539 545
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Choubey J. Patel A. Verma M.K. Phytotherapy in the treatment of arthritis: A review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2013 4 8 2853
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Haftcheshmeh S.M. Abedi M. Mashayekhi K. Berberine as a natural modulator of inflammatory signaling pathways in the immune system: Focus on NF‐κB, JAK / STAT, and MAPK signaling pathways. Phytother. Res. 2022 36 3 1216 1230 10.1002/ptr.740735142403
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Ageeva T. Rizvanov A. Mukhamedshina Y. NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways as crucial regulators of neuroinflammation and astrocyte modulation in spinal cord injury. Cells 2024 13 7 581 10.3390/cells1307058138607020
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Yin Q. Wang L. Yu H. Chen D. Zhu W. Sun C. Pharmacological effects of polyphenol phytochemicals on the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Front. Pharmacol. 2021 12 716672 10.3389/fphar.2021.71667234539403
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Kour G. Choudhary R. Anjum S. Bhagat A. Bajaj B.K. Ahmed Z. Phytochemicals targeting JAK/STAT pathway in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Is there a future? Biochem. Pharmacol. 2022 197 114929 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.11492935065024
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Megha K.B. Joseph X. Akhil V. Mohanan P.V. Cascade of immune mechanism and consequences of inflammatory disorders. Phytomedicine 2021 91 153712 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.15371234511264
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Aravilli RK Vikram SL Kohila V Phytochemicals as potential antidotes for targeting NF-κB in rheumatoid arthritis. 3 Biotech 2017 7 4 253 10.1007/s13205‑017‑0888‑128721679
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Moens U. Kostenko S. Sveinbjørnsson B. The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs) in inflammation. Genes 2013 4 2 101 133 10.3390/genes402010124705157
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Behl T. Rana T. Alotaibi G.H. Polyphenols inhibiting MAPK signalling pathway mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in depression. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2022 146 112545 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.11254534922112
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Zhao X. Kim Y.R. Min Y. Zhao Y. Do K. Son Y.O. Natural plant extracts and compounds for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Medicina 2021 57 3 266 10.3390/medicina5703026633803959
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Yatoo M.I. Gopalakrishnan A. Saxena A. Anti-inflammatory drugs and herbs with special emphasis on herbal medicines for countering inflammatory diseases and disorders-a review. Recent Pat. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Discov. 2018 12 1 39 58 10.2174/1872213X1266618011515363529336271
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Oliviero F. Scanu A. Zamudio-Cuevas Y. Punzi L. Spinella P. Anti‐inflammatory effects of polyphenols in arthritis. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2018 98 5 1653 1659 10.1002/jsfa.866428886220
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Long Z. Xiang W. He Q. Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials. Front. Immunol. 2023 14 1024120 10.3389/fimmu.2023.102412037033930
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Olędzka A.J. Czerwińska M.E. Role of plant-derived compounds in the molecular pathways related to inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023 24 5 4666 10.3390/ijms2405466636902097
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Rathee P. Chaudhary H. Rathee S. Rathee D. Kumar V. Kohli K. Mechanism of action of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: A review. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets 2009 8 3 229 235 10.2174/18715280978868102919601883
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Del Prado-Audelo M.L. Cortés H. Caballero-Florán I.H. Therapeutic applications of terpenes on inflammatory diseases. Front. Pharmacol. 2021 12 704197 10.3389/fphar.2021.70419734483907
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Al-Khayri J.M. Sahana G.R. Nagella P. Joseph B.V. Alessa F.M. Al-Mssallem M.Q. Flavonoids as potential anti-inflammatory molecules: A review. Molecules 2022 27 9 2901 10.3390/molecules2709290135566252
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Catarino M.D. Talhi O. Rabahi A. Silva A.M. Cardoso S.M. The Antiinflammatory Potential of Flavonoids: Mechanistic Aspects. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. Elsevier 2016 65 99
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Liu F. Bai Y. Wan Y. Mechanism of flavonoids in the treatment of gouty arthritis (Review). Mol. Med. Rep. 2024 30 2 132 [Review 10.3892/mmr.2024.1325638818832
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Yahfoufi N. Alsadi N. Jambi M. Matar C. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory role of polyphenols. Nutrients 2018 10 11 1618 10.3390/nu1011161830400131
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Serafini M. Peluso I. Raguzzini A. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 2010 69 3 273 278 10.1017/S002966511000162X20569521
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Christman L.M. Gu L. Efficacy and mechanisms of dietary polyphenols in mitigating rheumatoid arthritis. J. Funct. Foods 2020 71 104003 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104003
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Nisar A. Jagtap S. Vyavahare S. Phytochemicals in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases: The journey from preclinical trials to clinical practice. Front. Pharmacol. 2023 14 1177050 10.3389/fphar.2023.117705037229273
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Masyita A. Mustika Sari R. Dwi Astuti A. Terpenes and terpenoids as main bioactive compounds of essential oils, their roles in human health and potential application as natural food preservatives. Food Chem. X 2022 13 100217 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.10021735498985
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Carvalho A.M.S. Heimfarth L. Santos K.A. Terpenes as possible drugs for the mitigation of arthritic symptoms – A systematic review. Phytomedicine 2019 57 137 147 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.02830668316
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Li S. Liu X. Chen X. Bi L. Research progress on anti‐inflammatory effects and mechanisms of alkaloids from chinese medical herbs. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2020 2020 1 1303524 10.1155/2020/130352432256634
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Xie T.Z. Zhao Y.L. Wang H. New steroidal alkaloids with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects from Veratrum grandiflorum. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2022 293 115290 10.1016/j.jep.2022.11529035452774
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Souto A.L. Tavares J.F. Da Silva M.S. Diniz M.F.F.M. De Athayde-Filho P.F. Barbosa Filho J.M. Anti-inflammatory activity of alkaloids: An update from 2000 to 2010. Molecules 2011 16 10 8515 8534 10.3390/molecules1610851521989312
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Souza C.R.M. Bezerra W.P. Souto J.T. Marine alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activity: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Mar. Drugs 2020 18 3 147 10.3390/md1803014732121638
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Guha P. Paul S. Das A. Halder B. Bhattacharjee S. Chaudhuri T.K. Analyses of human and rat clinical parameters in rheumatoid arthritis raise the possibility of use of crude Aloe vera gel in disease amelioration. Immunome Res. 2014 10 2 1 7
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Hanna JA Shoukry NM Darwesh AB Therapeutic potential of Withania somnifera extract on experimental model of arthritis in rats: Histological study. Front Sci Res Techno 2022 4 1
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Desu B.S. Elango K. Satish Kumar M.N. Suresh B. Manimaran S. Nanjan M.J. Investigation of selected medicinal plants (Strobilanthes kunthianus, Strobilanthes cuspidatus) and marketed formulation (Shallaki) for their anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritic activity. Pharmanest 2011 2 492 499
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Hwang J.H. Jung H.W. Oh S.Y. Kang J.S. Kim J.P. Park Y.K. Effects of Zingiber officinale extract on collagen-induced arthritis in mice and IL-1β-induced inflammation in human synovial fibroblasts. Eur. J. Inflamm. 2017 15 3 168 178 10.1177/1721727X17727997
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Taty Anna K. Elvy Suhana M.R. Das S. Faizah O. Hamzaini A.H. Anti-inflammatory effect of Curcuma longa (turmeric) on collagen-induced arthritis: An anatomico-radiological study. Clin. Ter. 2011 162 3 201 207 [PMID: 21717043
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Kim H.R. Rajaiah R. Wu Q.L. Green tea protects rats against autoimmune arthritis by modulating disease-related immune events. J. Nutr. 2008 138 11 2111 2116 10.3945/jn.108.08991218936206
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Thite A.T. Patil R.R. Naik S.R. Anti-arthritic activity profile of methanolic extract of Ficus bengalensis: Comparison with some clinically effective drugs. Biomed. Aging Pathol. 2014 4 3 207 217 10.1016/j.biomag.2014.03.005
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Ahamad N. Mishra P. Verma A.K. Pharmacological activity of monarda citriodora and cedrus deodara oils. J. Exp. Zool. India 2025 28 1
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Patil K.R. Patil C.R. Jadhav R.B. Mahajan V.K. Patil P.R. Gaikwad P.S. Anti‐arthritic activity of bartogenic acid isolated from fruits of Barringtonia racemosa Roxb.(Lecythidaceae). Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2011 2011 1 785245 10.1093/ecam/nep14819770265
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Karataş A. Orhan C. Tuzcu M. Mango ginger (curcuma amada) inhibits collagen-induced arthritis by modulating inflammatory cytokine levels in rats. Turk. J. Med. Sci. 2020 50 8 2040 2047 10.3906/sag‑2004‑10532659877
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Sannegowda K.M. Venkatesha S.H. Moudgil K.D. Tinospora cordifolia inhibits autoimmune arthritis by regulating key immune mediators of inflammation and bone damage. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2015 28 4 521 531 10.1177/039463201560824826467057
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Sharma A. Goel A. Lin Z. Analysis of anti-rheumatic activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristisviain vivo and pharmacovigilance approaches. Front. Pharmacol. 2023 14 1307799 10.3389/fphar.2023.130779938116080
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Mehta A. Sethiya N.K. Mehta C. Shah G.B. Anti–arthritis activity of roots of Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. (Anantmul) in rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2012 5 2 130 135 10.1016/S1995‑7645(12)60011‑X22221757
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Zheng C.J. Zhao X.X. Ai H.W. Therapeutic effects of standardized Vitex negundo seeds extract on complete Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Phytomedicine 2014 21 6 838 846 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.00324680620
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Talwar S. Nandakumar K. Nayak P.G. Anti-inflammatory activity of Terminalia paniculata bark extract against acute and chronic inflammation in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2011 134 2 323 328 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.01521182924
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Zhu Y. Zhang L. Zhang X. Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis and aberrant lipid metabolism in rats. Front. Pharmacol. 2022 13 938849 10.3389/fphar.2022.93884936105231
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Narendhirakannan R.T. Subramanian S. Kandaswamy M. Anti-inflammatory and lysosomal stability actions of Cleome gynandra L. studied in adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2007 45 6 1001 1012 10.1016/j.fct.2006.12.00917276570
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Kripa K.G. Chamundeeswari D. Thanka J. Uma Maheswara Reddy C. Modulation of inflammatory markers by the ethanolic extract of Leucas aspera in adjuvant arthritis. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2011 134 3 1024 1027 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.01021251972
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Ekambaram S. Perumal S.S. Subramanian V. Evaluation of antiarthritic activity of Strychnos potatorum Linn seeds in Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritic rat model. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2010 10 1 56 10.1186/1472‑6882‑10‑5620939932
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Gupta M. Sasmal S. Mukherjee A. Therapeutic effects of acetone extract of saraca asoca seeds on rats with adjuvant‐induced arthritis via attenuating inflammatory responses. ISRN Rheumatol. 2014 2014 1 1 12 10.1155/2014/95968724729890
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Li Y. Zhang P. Yang Z. Ma F. Formulation development of anti-rheumatoid gel of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde hydroalcoholic extract containing eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil as penetration enhancer. J. Pharm. Sci. 2022 58 20486
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Nair V. Singh S. Gupta Y.K. Anti-arthritic and disease modifying activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. in experimental models. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2010 62 12 1801 1806 10.1111/j.2042‑7158.2010.01193.x21054408
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Liu F. Liu Y. Zhan S. Chebulanin exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects via inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation in collagen-induced arthritis mice. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2020 88 106823 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.10682332795901
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Sudaroli M. Chatterjee T.K. Evaluation of red and white seed extracts of Abrus precatorius Linn. against freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. J. Med. Plants Res. 2007 1 4 86 94
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Vijayan S. Margesan T. Arthritis alleviation: Unveiling the potential in Abrus precatorius macerated oil. Future Sci. OA 2024 10 1 FSO981 10.2144/fsoa‑2023‑024838817355
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Yimam M. Horm T. Wright L. UP1306: A composition containing standardized extracts of Acacia catechu and Morus alba for arthritis management. Nutrients 2019 11 2 272 10.3390/nu1102027230691120
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Hemashree J. Lakshmi Thangavelu L.T. Anti-inflammatory action of Acacia catechu seed extract. J. Adv. Pharm. Educ. Res. 2018 8 3 92 95
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Yimam M. Lee Y.C. Wright L. A botanical composition mitigates cartilage degradations and pain sensitivity in osteoarthritis disease model. J. Med. Food 2017 20 6 568 576 10.1089/jmf.2016.016728362543
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Barua C.C. Bodduluru L.N. Haloi P. Anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity of a polyherbal formulation against Freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl. 2017 16 3 482 489
    [Google Scholar]
  110. Kumari K.D.K.P. Weerakoon T.C.S. Handunnetti S.M. Samarasinghe K. Suresh T.S. Anti-inflammatory activity of dried flower extracts of Aegle marmelos in Wistar rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014 151 3 1202 1208 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.04324389030
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Jayanthi M.K. Dhar M. Jayanthi M. Anti-inflammatory effects of Allium sativum (garlic) in experimental rats. Biomedicine 2011 31 1 84 89
    [Google Scholar]
  112. Moosavian S.P. Paknahad Z. Habibagahi Z. Maracy M. The effects of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, fatigue, and clinical symptoms in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Phytother. Res. 2020 34 11 2953 2962 10.1002/ptr.672332478922
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Arawwawala L.D.A.M. Arambewela L.S.R. Ratnasooriya W.D. Alpinia calcarata Roscoe: A potent antiinflammatory agent. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2012 139 3 889 892 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.03622209884
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Rahman M.A. Rahman M.M. Ahmed N. Essential oil of Alpinia calcarata Rosc. Rhizome: Heals inflammation and nociception in animal models. J Biol Act Prod Nat 2012 2 6 365 376 10.1080/22311866.2012.10719145
    [Google Scholar]
  115. Mudduluru N. Veluru H. Babu M.N. Exploring the anti-rheumatoid activity of ethanolic extract from rhizome Alpinia calcarata using a formaldehyde-induced rat model. Int J Food Nutr Sci 2023 12 1 4620 4625
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Gupta S. Mishra K.P. Kumar B. Singh S.B. Ganju L. Andrographolide attenuates complete freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis via suppression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2020 261 113022 10.1016/j.jep.2020.11302232569719
    [Google Scholar]
  117. Lee D. Baek C.Y. Hwang J.H. Kim M.Y. Andrographis paniculata extract relieves pain and inflammation in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis and acetic acid-induced writhing in animal models. Processes 2020 8 7 873 10.3390/pr8070873
    [Google Scholar]
  118. Gupta S. Mishra K.P. Singh S.B. Ganju L. Inhibitory effects of andrographolide on activated macrophages and adjuvant-induced arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2018 26 2 447 456 10.1007/s10787‑017‑0375‑728735448
    [Google Scholar]
  119. Naseri M. Mojab F. Khodadoost M. The study of anti-inflammatory activity of oil-based dill (Anethum graveolens L.) extract used topically in formalin-induced inflammation male rat paw. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 2012 11 4 1169 1174 [PMID: 24250550
    [Google Scholar]
  120. Cui X. Wang R. Bian P. Wu Q. Seshadri V.D.D. Liu L. Evaluation of antiarthritic activity of nimbolide against Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol. 2019 47 1 3391 3398 10.1080/21691401.2019.164926931394949
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Naik M. Agrawal D. Behera R. Bhattacharya A. Dehury S. Kumar S. Study of anti-inflammatory effect of neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica) on infected albino rats. J Health Res Rev 2014 1 3 66 69 10.4103/2394‑2010.153880
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Kumar S. Vandana U.K. Agrwal D. Hansa J. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf extract in albino rats. Int. J. Sci. Res. 2015 4 8
    [Google Scholar]
  123. Viji V. Kavitha S.K. Helen A. Bacopa monniera (L.) wettst inhibits type ii collagen‐induced arthritis in rats. Phytother. Res. 2010 24 9 1377 1383 10.1002/ptr.313520309843
    [Google Scholar]
  124. Karwasra R. Sharma S. Sharma N. Khanna K. Protective effect of Boerhavia diffusa in attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of activated NF-κB-TNF-α-Nrf2 in Freund’s adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis. Indian J Pharm Educ Res 2021 55 2s s563 s571 10.5530/ijper.55.2s.128
    [Google Scholar]
  125. Kannur D. Paranjpe M. Sonavane L. Dongre P. Khandelwal K. Evaluation of Caesalpinia bonduc seed coat extract for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res. 2012 3 3 171 175 10.4103/2231‑4040.10101023057003
    [Google Scholar]
  126. Perumal S.S. Ekambaram S.P. Dhanam T. In vivo antiarthritic activity of the ethanol extracts of stem bark and seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum in Freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis. Pharm. Biol. 2017 55 1 1330 1336 10.1080/13880209.2016.122634627593261
    [Google Scholar]
  127. Dhikale R. Gulecha V. Zalte A. Protective Effects of Lantana camara (aculeata) in Rheumatoid arthritis using in vitro and in vivo Complete Freund’s Adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Asian Pac J Health Sci 2022 9 4 123 133 10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.4.25
    [Google Scholar]
  128. Mehta V. Nagu P. Parashar A. Chaudhary M. Effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Cassia fistula L. on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2023 13 5 195 204 10.4103/2221‑1691.377406
    [Google Scholar]
  129. Farooq H. Piracha M.I. Usman M. Tariq R. Alam S.S. Radiological analysis of hind paw joint in murine rheumatoid arthritis model treated prophylactically or therapeutically with cassia fistula versus naproxen. Proceedings SZMC 2020 34 4 58 63
    [Google Scholar]
  130. Sharma H. Chauhan P. Singh S. Evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of Cinnamomum cassia bark extract in experimental models. Integr. Med. Res. 2018 7 4 366 373 10.1016/j.imr.2018.08.00230591891
    [Google Scholar]
  131. Singh S. Mishra S.B. Mukerjee A. Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon leaf extract and its chloroform fraction attenuates acute and chronic arthritis in albino rats. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 2019 22 101399 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101399
    [Google Scholar]
  132. Tiwari R.K. Chanda S.M.U. Singh M. Agarwal S. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of standardized extract of Clerodendrum serratum (L.) moon. Front. Pharmacol. 2021 12 629607 10.3389/fphar.2021.62960733912046
    [Google Scholar]
  133. Nair V. Singh S. Gupta Y.K. Evaluation of disease modifying activity of Coriandrum sativum in experimental models. Indian J. Med. Res. 2012 135 2 240 245 [PMID: 22446868
    [Google Scholar]
  134. Nasuti C. Fedeli D. Bordoni L. Anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anti-nociceptive activities of Nigella sativa oil in a rat model of arthritis. Antioxidants 2019 8 9 342 10.3390/antiox809034231450670
    [Google Scholar]
  135. Pise H. Padwal S. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Nigella sativa: An experimental study. Natl. J. Physiol. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2017 7 6 1 10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0204705032017
    [Google Scholar]
  136. Dang G.K. Parekar R.R. Kamat S.K. Scindia A.M. Rege N.N. Antiinflammatory activity of Phyllanthus emblica, Plumbago zeylanica and Cyperus rotundus in acute models of inflammation. Phytother. Res. 2011 25 6 904 908 10.1002/ptr.334521132843
    [Google Scholar]
  137. Golechha M. Sarangal V. Ojha S. Bhatia J. Arya D.S. Anti-inflammatory effect of emblica officinalis in rodent models of acute and chronic inflammation: Involvement of possible mechanisms. Int. J. Inflamm. 2014 2014 1 178408 10.1155/2014/17840825215258
    [Google Scholar]
  138. G Singh P S Jain A B Sridhara Setty P Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of seeds from emblica officinalis (Gaertn.). Bioinformation 2022 18 8 683 691 10.6026/9732063001868337323557
    [Google Scholar]
  139. Kalaiselvan S. Rasool M.K. The anti-inflammatory effect of triphala in arthritic-induced rats. Pharm. Biol. 2015 53 1 51 60 10.3109/13880209.2014.91023725289531
    [Google Scholar]
  140. Rasool M. Sabina E.P. Antiinflammatory effect of the Indian Ayurvedic herbal formulation Triphala on adjuvant‐induced arthritis in mice. Phytother. Res. 2007 21 9 889 894 10.1002/ptr.218317533629
    [Google Scholar]
  141. Arif A. Bhatti A. John P. Therapeutic potential of Foeniculum vulgare mill. Derived selenium nanoparticles in arthritic Balb/c mice. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2019 14 8561 8572 10.2147/IJN.S22667431802869
    [Google Scholar]
  142. Choi E.M. Hwang J.K. Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia 2004 75 6 557 565 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.05.00515351109
    [Google Scholar]
  143. Zhang W. Lu C. Liu Z. Therapeutic effect of combined triptolide and glycyrrhizin treatment on rats with collagen induced arthritis. Planta Med. 2007 73 4 336 340 10.1055/s‑2007‑96713617354165
    [Google Scholar]
  144. Chen K. Chen X. Huang S. Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii extracts in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Sci. Rep. 2025 15 1 27960 10.1038/s41598‑025‑13241‑740745443
    [Google Scholar]
  145. Desai S. Babaria P. Nakarani M. Shah K. Paranjape A. Antiosteoporotic effect of Hemidesmus indicus Linn. on ovariectomised rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2017 199 1 8 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.03128119100
    [Google Scholar]
  146. Mahajan S.G. Mali R.G. Mehta A.A. Protective effect of ethanolic extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. against inflammation associated with development of arthritis in rats. J. Immunotoxicol. 2007 4 1 39 47 10.1080/1547691060111518418958711
    [Google Scholar]
  147. Fatima N. Determination of pharmacological screening for anti-arthritic potential of moringa oleifera in rats challenged with formalin. Technol Innov Pharm Res 2021 9 44 56 10.9734/bpi/tipr/v9/10831D
    [Google Scholar]
  148. Kumar R. Gupta Y.K. Singh S. Arunraja S. Picrorhiza kurroa inhibits experimental arthritis through inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis and MMPs. Phytother. Res. 2016 30 1 112 119 10.1002/ptr.550926556014
    [Google Scholar]
  149. Yende S.R. Sannapuri V.D. Vyawahare N.S. Harle U.N. Antirheumatoid activity of aqueous extract of Piper longum on freunds adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2010 1 9 129 133
    [Google Scholar]
  150. Pal R. Effects of Piper longum in complete freund’s adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis and its interaction with cyclosporine-A in rats. Int. J. Life Sci. Biotechnol. Pharma Res. 2023 12 1 52 61
    [Google Scholar]
  151. Mani A. Vasanthi C. Gopal V. Chellathai D. Role of phyto-stabilised silver nanoparticles in suppressing adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2016 41 17 23 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.10.01327788371
    [Google Scholar]
  152. Uthirapathy S. Effect of Plumbago zeylanica on Analgesia and Arthritis. J Angiother 2023 7 1
    [Google Scholar]
  153. Zeng W. Fang Y. Mo S. The underling mechanisms exploration of Rubia cordifolia L. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 2023 17 439 457 10.2147/DDDT.S38893236818604
    [Google Scholar]
  154. Ramprasath V.R. Shanthi P. Sachdanandam P. Curative effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract against adjuvant arthritis—With special reference to bone metabolism. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2006 160 3 183 192 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.11.00916513099
    [Google Scholar]
  155. Bandigari P. Dongamanti A. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of semecarpus anacardium in experimental animals. J. Pharm. Negat. Results 2023 14 2
    [Google Scholar]
  156. Sharma N. Yadav Y. Sharma K.C. A systemic review on Ayurvedic and modern pharmacology of Strychnos potatorum Linn. to determine its therapeutic potential. Natl J Pharmacol Ther 2023 1 3 125 132 10.4103/NJPT.NJPT_32_23
    [Google Scholar]
  157. Ekambaram S.P. Perumal S.S. Subramanian V. Assessment of the in-vivo and in-vitro antioxidant potential of Strychnos potatorum Linn. seeds in Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritic rats. J. Med. Plants Res. 2011 5 19 4780 4787
    [Google Scholar]
  158. Mesaik A.M. Poh H.W. Bin O.Y. Elawad I. Alsayed B. In vivo anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-diarrhoeal activity of Ziziphus Jujuba fruit extract. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2018 6 5 757 766 10.3889/oamjms.2018.16829875842
    [Google Scholar]
  159. Bhadoriya S.S. Mishra V. Raut S. Ganeshpurkar A. Jain S.K. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of a hydroethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica leaves. Sci. Pharm. 2012 80 3 685 700 10.3797/scipharm.1110‑0923008815
    [Google Scholar]
  160. Dong L. Zhu J. Du H. Nong H. He X. Chen X. Astilbin from Smilax glabra Roxb. attenuates inflammatory responses in complete Freund’s adjuvant‐induced arthritis rats. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2017 2017 1 8246420 10.1155/2017/824642029104606
    [Google Scholar]
  161. Jiang J. Xu Q. Immunomodulatory activity of the aqueous extract from rhizome of Smilax glabra in the later phase of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003 85 1 53 59 10.1016/S0378‑8741(02)00340‑912576202
    [Google Scholar]
  162. Bao Y. Li H. Li Q.Y. Therapeutic effects of Smilax glabra and Bolbostemma paniculatum on rheumatoid arthritis using a rat paw edema model. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2018 108 309 315 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.00430227323
    [Google Scholar]
  163. Bhandarkar S. Jain A.P. Ameliorative effect of rhizomes on Freund’s complete adjuvant Alpinia galanga induced arthritis in mice. Asian J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2015 1 2 62 64
    [Google Scholar]
  164. Rahman H. Eswaraiah M.C. Dutta A.M. Anti-arthritic activity of leaves and oil of Aquilaria agallocha. Saudi J Life Sci 2016 1 1 34 43
    [Google Scholar]
  165. Yan W. Zhang J. Zhang Y. Meng D. Yan D. Anti-inflammatory activity studies on the stems and roots of Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2015 171 335 341 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.04426055344
    [Google Scholar]
  166. Kore K.J. Shete R.V. Desai N.V. Anti-arthritic activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Lawsonia innermis. Int J Drug Dev Res 2011 3 4 217 224
    [Google Scholar]
  167. Kadhem M.A. Anti-Arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis in Freund ҆S adjuvant induced arthritic rats. IOSR J. Agric. Vet. Sci. 2016 9 1 6
    [Google Scholar]
  168. Prabhakar P. Mamoni B. Technical problems, regulatory and market challenges in bringing herbal drug into mainstream of modern medicinal practices. Res. J. Biotechnol. 2021 16 3
    [Google Scholar]
  169. Devi A. Devi R. Kumar S. Regulatory status of herbal drugs in India. Int J Appl Pharm Sci Res 2022 7 03 30 35
    [Google Scholar]
  170. Ahmad S. Parveen A. Parveen B. Parveen R. Challenges and guidelines for clinical trial of herbal drugs. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 2015 7 4 329 333 10.4103/0975‑7406.16803526681895
    [Google Scholar]
  171. Sahoo N. Manchikanti P. Dey S. Herbal drugs: Standards and regulation. Fitoterapia 2010 81 6 462 471 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.02.00120156530
    [Google Scholar]
  172. Verma R. Bhardwaj S. Gupta J. Broad view of nano herbal medicine. Int J Rec Adv Sci Tech 2018 5 2 1 5
    [Google Scholar]
  173. Khan M.S. Ahmad I. Herbal medicine: current trends and future prospects. New Look to Phytomedicine Advancements in Herbal Products as Novel Drug Leads. Cambridge, Massachusetts Academic Press 2019 3 13 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑814619‑4.00001‑X
    [Google Scholar]
  174. Bachhav A. Current scenario of herbal medicines and future prospectus. World J Pharm Med Res 2015 10 6 2024
    [Google Scholar]
  175. Setty Aswatha Ram H.H.N. Deshpande R. Shreedhara C.S. Standardization of Rajanyādi cūrṇa: An ayurvedic preparation. Anc. Sci. Life 2014 33 3 146 150 10.4103/0257‑7941.14461725538348
    [Google Scholar]
  176. Vivek P. Need of Standardization of Ayurveda Formulations. Int. J. Ayurveda Pharma Res. 2023 40 45 10.47070/ijapr.v11i10.2856
    [Google Scholar]
  177. Ghosh S. Singha V. Datta S. Singha P.S. Ghosh D. A current review on the development of antimicrobial drugs from bioactive phytocompounds using artificial intelligence. MGM J Med Sci 2025 12 1 155 165 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_7_25
    [Google Scholar]
  178. Momtazmanesh S. Nowroozi A. Rezaei N. Artificial intelligence in rheumatoid arthritis: Current status and future perspectives: A state-of-the-art review. Rheumatol. Ther. 2022 9 5 1249 1304 10.1007/s40744‑022‑00475‑435849321
    [Google Scholar]
  179. Hilal P.J. Advancements and challenges in the integration of artificial intelligence with herbal medicine research. Int. J. Pharma Sci. 2024 2 4 1
    [Google Scholar]
  180. Sharma S. Naman S. Baldi A. Recognition and quality mapping of traditional herbal drugs: way forward towards artificial intelligence. Tradit Med Res 2015 10 1 2 10.53388/TMR20240416001
    [Google Scholar]
  181. Wang H. Chen Y. Wang L. Liu Q. Yang S. Wang C. Advancing herbal medicine: Enhancing product quality and safety through robust quality control practices. Front. Pharmacol. 2023 14 1265178 10.3389/fphar.2023.126517837818188
    [Google Scholar]
  182. Chu H. Moon S. Park J. Bak S. Ko Y. Youn B.Y. The use of artificial intelligence in complementary and alternative medicine: A systematic scoping review. Front. Pharmacol. 2022 13 826044 10.3389/fphar.2022.82604435431917
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cdrr/10.2174/0125899775393768251125072528
Loading
Exploring the potential of Phytotherapeutics against Auto-inflammatory Disorders: A Systematic Review
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775393768251125072528
/content/journals/cdrr/10.2174/0125899775393768251125072528
/content/journals/cdrr/10.2174/0125899775393768251125072528
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

PRISMA checklist is available as supplementary material on the publisher’s website along with the published article.

file format download Download

  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: regulatory challenges ; arthritis ; Inflammation ; conventional therapy ; pathophysiology ; phytoconstituents

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test