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image of Shenhuang Liuwei Powder Alleviates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Ulcers in Rats through the Inhibition of the AGE/RAGE Signaling Pathway and Promotion of Antibacterial Activity and Angiogenesis via Activation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS/HIF-1α Pathway
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Abstract

Aims and Objective

Shenhuang Liuwei powder (SHLWP) is frequently used to treat diabetic ulcers (DUs), but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the active compounds and mechanisms by which SHLWP alleviates DUs.

Methods

The chemical components of SHLWP were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Network pharmacology based on HRMS data identified SHLWP-associated targets and signaling pathways. Its antibacterial activity was assessed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. Its pharmacological effects were evaluated in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic ulcer model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Results

Seventy-three components were identified in SHLWP, with key constituents including caffeic acid (13.11 ± 0.14 μg/g), ferulic acid (20.40 ± 0.24 μg/g), quercetin (8.49 ± 0.18 μg/g), luteolin (36.63 ± 0.19 μg/g), apigenin (82.14 ± 1.60 μg/g), and linoleic acid (507.59 ± 1.46 μg/g). SHLWP exhibited strong antibacterial activity against (MIC = 7.8125 μg/mL), (MIC < 3.90625 μg/mL), and (MIC < 3.90625 μg/mL). Network pharmacology revealed significant enrichment of the AGE/RAGE, HIF-1, and PI3K-Akt pathways, which was validated using qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot.

Conclusion

SHLWP alleviated streptozotocin-induced diabetic ulcers by inhibiting the AGE/RAGE pathway and promoting antibacterial activity and angiogenesis the PI3K/Akt/eNOS/HIF-1α pathway, providing a biological basis for its therapeutic effects.

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publishers.
This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
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2025-04-24
2025-10-30

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Shenhuang Liuwei Powder Alleviates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Ulcers in Rats through the Inhibition of the AGE/RAGE Signaling Pathway and Promotion of Antibacterial Activity and Angiogenesis via Activation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS/HIF-1α Pathway
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0113862073370028250326071104
/content/journals/cchts/10.2174/0113862073370028250326071104
/content/journals/cchts/10.2174/0113862073370028250326071104
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Fig. () MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) determination of (A) (ATCC25923), (B) (ATCC19615), and (C) (ATCC12228) Table The core compounds were screened according to the degree values Table GO enrichment analysis Table KEGG enrichment analysis

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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: high-resolution mass spectrometry-based network pharmacology analysis ; Shenhuang Liuwei powder (SHLWP) ; antibacterial activity ; AGE/RAGE signaling pathway ; diabetic ulcers ; PI3K/Akt/eNOS/HIF-1α signaling pathway

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