Skip to content
2000
Volume 28, Issue 7
  • ISSN: 1386-2073
  • E-ISSN: 1875-5402

Abstract

Since ancient times, medicinal plants and their active ingredients have played a key role in treating a wide array of ailments. Notably, in recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in treatments using products derived from natural sources, and some have been studied as clinical treatments for a variety of disorders. The use of natural products to treat illness has gained increasing scientific and public interest. Not only to ensure quality control but also to verify their efficacy as active ingredients in various pharmaceutical formulations, the evaluation of natural products is of paramount importance. In this field, analytical methods like spectroscopy, electrophoresis, and chromatography are essential and are constantly being improved upon. Chromatographic techniques are essential for determining the quality and authenticity of natural products. Moreover, strict adherence to internationally recognized norms in validating analytical procedures guarantees the accuracy and dependability of results. Continual research initiatives are essential for tackling issues like adulteration and enhancing customer trust in natural products.

This review navigates through the complex field of quality control methodologies and analytical techniques applied in evaluating plant-derived sources, which are generally used as natural products, and focuses on the analysis of , and species.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cchts/10.2174/0113862073285382240526064157
2025-05-01
2025-10-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. BalekundriA. MannurV. Quality control of the traditional herbs and herbal products: A review.Futur. J. Pharm. Sci.2020616710.1186/s43094‑020‑00091‑5
    [Google Scholar]
  2. ZhangS.Q. WeiF. FanY.M. SunF. ZhaoY.Y. BaiS. Quality control of natural product medicine and nutrient supplements.J. Anal. Methods Chem.2013201318257310.1155/2013/18257323956927
    [Google Scholar]
  3. GrayM.J. ChangD. ZhangY. LiuJ. BensoussanA. Development of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods for the quantitative analysis of herbal medicine in biological fluids: A review.Biomed. Chromatogr.20102419110310.1002/bmc.128719650043
    [Google Scholar]
  4. LiuC. GuoD. LiuL. Quality transitivity and traceability system of herbal medicine products based on quality markers.Phytomedicine20184424725710.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.00629631807
    [Google Scholar]
  5. WHO Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials.World Health Organization. 1998115
    [Google Scholar]
  6. DarR.A. ShahnawazM. RasoolS. QaziP.H. Natural product medicines: A literature update.J. Phytopharmacol.20176634034210.31254/phyto.2017.6606
    [Google Scholar]
  7. NgoL.T. OkogunJ.I. FolkW.R. 21st Century natural product research and drug development and traditional medicines.Nat. Prod. Rep.201330458459210.1039/c3np20120a23450245
    [Google Scholar]
  8. ElkordyA.A. Haj-AhmadR.R. AwaadA.S. ZakiR.M. An overview on natural product drug formulations from conventional medicines to nanomedicines: Past, present and future.J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol.20216310245910.1016/j.jddst.2021.102459
    [Google Scholar]
  9. YuanH. MaQ. YeL. PiaoG. The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products.Molecules201621555910.3390/molecules2105055927136524
    [Google Scholar]
  10. TauberJ.P. CollinsW.R. SchwarzR.S. ChenY. GrubbsK. HuangQ. LopezD. PetersonR. EvansJ.D. Natural product medicines for honey bees: Perspective and protocols.Insects2019101035610.3390/insects1010035631635365
    [Google Scholar]
  11. BiliaA.R. CostaM.C. Medicinal plants and their preparations in the European market: Why has the harmonization failed? The cases of St. John’s wort, valerian, ginkgo, ginseng, and green tea.Phytomedicine20218115342110.1016/j.phymed.2020.15342133291029
    [Google Scholar]
  12. GovindaraghavanS. SucherN.J. Quality assessment of medicinal herbs and their extracts: Criteria and prerequisites for consistent safety and efficacy of herbal medicines.Epilepsy Behav.201552Pt B36337110.1016/j.yebeh.2015.03.00425899015
    [Google Scholar]
  13. YulianaN.D. KhatibA. ChoiY.H. VerpoorteR. Metabolomics for bioactivity assessment of natural products.Phytother. Res.201125215716910.1002/ptr.325820658470
    [Google Scholar]
  14. HussainK. MajeedM.T. IsmailZ. SadikunA. IbrahimP. Traditional and complementary medicines: Quality assessment strategies and safe usage.South. Med Rev.200921192323093874
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Abdel-TawabM. Do we need plant food supplements? A critical examination of quality, safety, efficacy, and necessity for a new regulatory framework.Planta Med.20188406/0737239310.1055/s‑0043‑12376429220861
    [Google Scholar]
  16. ArmasuA. EU regulation of herbal products, Part 2: Quality, safety, and efficacy, and postmarket surveillance.2021Available from: https://rapsprod.blob.core.windows.net/rapsk13/raps/media/news-images/feature pdf files/21-12_andrada-pt-2.pdf
  17. ErnstE. Risks of herbal medicinal products.Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf.2004131176777110.1002/pds.101415386721
    [Google Scholar]
  18. BusseW. Significance of quality for efficacy and safety of herbal medicinal products.Drug Inf. J.2000341152310.1177/009286150003400102
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Directive 2002/46/ec of the european parliament and of the council of 10 june 2002.Off. J. Eur. Communities20065157
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Abdel-RahmanA. AnyangweN. CarlacciL. CasperS. DanamR.P. EnongeneE. ErivesG. FabricantD. GudiR. HilmasC.J. HinesF. HowardP. LevyD. LinY. MooreR.J. PfeilerE. ThurmondT.S. TurujmanS. WalkerN.J. The safety and regulation of natural products used as foods and food ingredients.Toxicol. Sci.2011123233334810.1093/toxsci/kfr19821821733
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kioukia-FougiaN GeorgiadisN TsarouhasK VasilakiF FragiadakiP MeimetiE Synthetic and natural nutritional supplements: Health “allies” or risks to public health?Rec. Pat. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Discov.20171027285
    [Google Scholar]
  22. BoonH. BozinovskiN. A systematic narrative review of the evidence for labeling of natural health products and dietary supplements.J. Altern. Complement. Med.201925877778810.1089/acm.2018.053331013437
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Annex 7 Good pharmacopoeial practices: Chapter on monographs on herbal medicines.Available from:
  24. Klein-JuniorL.C. de SouzaM.R. ViaeneJ. BresolinT.M.B. de GasperA.L. HenriquesA.T. HeydenY.V. Quality control of herbal medicines: From traditional techniques to state-of-the-art approaches.Planta Med.20218712/1396498810.1055/a‑1529‑833934412146
    [Google Scholar]
  25. CarrubbaA. LazzaraS. GiovinoA. RubertoG. NapoliE. Content variability of bioactive secondary metabolites in Hypericum perforatum L.Phytochem. Lett.202146717810.1016/j.phytol.2021.09.011
    [Google Scholar]
  26. ZhaoY.Y. ZhangS.Q. WeiF. FanY.M. SunF. BaiS. Quality control of natural product medicine and nutrient supplements 2014.J. Anal. Methods Chem.2014201410906810.1155/2014/10906825302135
    [Google Scholar]
  27. SiddiquiM. Phytochemical analysis of some medicinal plants.Liaquat Med. Res. J.2021381510.38106/lmrj.2021.36
    [Google Scholar]
  28. WolfenderJ-L NdjokoK HostettmannK The potential of LC-NMR in phytochemical analysis.Phytochem Anal.200112122210.1002/1099‑1565(200101/02)12:1<2::AID‑PCA552>3.0.CO;2‑K
    [Google Scholar]
  29. ShindeV.M. DhalwalK. PotdarM. MahadikK.R. Application of quality control principles to herbal drugs.Int. J. Phytomed.2009114810.5138/ijpm.2009.0975.0185.05786
    [Google Scholar]
  30. AngelovaN. KongH.W. van der HeijdenR. YangS.Y. ChoiY.H. KimH.K. WangM. HankemeierT. van der GreefJ. XuG. VerpoorteR. Recent methodology in the phytochemical analysis of ginseng.Phytochem. Anal.200819121610.1002/pca.104918058794
    [Google Scholar]
  31. DiasH.J. FernandesC.P. HussainH. Editorial: Analytical chemistry applied to natural products: Trends and challenges.Frontiers Media, SAFrontiers in Pharmacology2023141235224
    [Google Scholar]
  32. LambertM. WolfenderJ.L. StærkD. ChristensenS.B. HostettmannK. JaroszewskiJ.W. Identification of natural products using HPLC-SPE combined with CapNMR.Anal. Chem.200779272773510.1021/ac061696317222043
    [Google Scholar]
  33. BringmannG. GulderT.A.M. ReichertM. GulderT. The online assignment of the absolute configuration of natural products: HPLC‐CD in combination with quantum chemical CD calculations.Chirality200820562864210.1002/chir.2055718383126
    [Google Scholar]
  34. AdamsM.A. NakanishiK. Selected uses of HPLC for the separation of natural products.J. Liq. Chromatogr.1979281097113610.1080/01483917908060126
    [Google Scholar]
  35. SegerC. SturmS. StuppnerH. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy: modern high-end detectors for high resolution separation techniques – state of the art in natural product HPLC-MS, HPLC-NMR, and CE-MS hyphenations.Nat. Prod. Rep.201330797098710.1039/c3np70015a23739842
    [Google Scholar]
  36. AdamsM. ZimmermannS. KaiserM. BrunR. HamburgerM. A protocol for HPLC-based activity profiling for natural products with activities against tropical parasites.Nat. Prod. Commun.20094101934578X090040110.1177/1934578X090040101319911575
    [Google Scholar]
  37. LatifZ. SarkerS.D. Isolation of natural products by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC).Methods Mol. Biol.201286425527410.1007/978‑1‑61779‑624‑1_1022367900
    [Google Scholar]
  38. LiangY. XieP. ChanK. Quality control of herbal medicines.J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci.20048121-2537010.1016/S1570‑0232(04)00676‑215556488
    [Google Scholar]
  39. LiuC. ChengY. GuoD. ZhangT. LiY. HouW. HuangL. XuH. A new concept on quality marker for quality assessment and process control of chinese medicines.Chin. Herb. Med.20179131310.1016/S1674‑6384(17)60070‑4
    [Google Scholar]
  40. WolfenderJ.L. MartiG. Ferreira QueirozE. Advances in techniques for profiling crude extracts and for the rapid identificationof natural products: Dereplication, quality control and metabolomics.Curr. Org. Chem.201014161808183210.2174/138527210792927645
    [Google Scholar]
  41. KumarS. Analytical techniques in natural product research.CABI201611010.1079/9781780644738.0000
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Abdullah RehmanMaqsood ur KhanFazlullah HussainYaseen Latest developments in quality control parameters/specifications in phytonutrients studies.Phytonutrients Neurol. Disord. Ther. Toxicol. Asp.2023317
    [Google Scholar]
  43. IslamS.B. DarziM.A. BhatS.A. Phytopharmaceutical marketing: A case study of USPs used for phytomedicine promotion.Phytomedicine: A Treasure of Pharmacologically Active Products from Plants.Academic Press202170972410.1016/B978‑0‑12‑824109‑7.00011‑X
    [Google Scholar]
  44. SorngS. BalayssacS. DanounS. AssematG. MirreA. CristofoliV. Le LamerA.C. JullianV. GilardV. FabreN. MartinoR. Malet-MartinoM. Quality assessment of Curcuma dietary supplements: Complementary data from LC-MS and 1H NMR.J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.202221211463110.1016/j.jpba.2022.11463135231794
    [Google Scholar]
  45. YeY. ZhangX. ChenX. XuY. LiuJ. TanJ. LiW. TembrockL.R. WuZ. ZhuG. The use of widely targeted metabolomics profiling to quantify differences in medicinally important compounds from five Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) species.Ind. Crops Prod.202217511428910.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114289
    [Google Scholar]
  46. TemerdashevZ. MilevskayaV. ShpigunO. PrasadS. VinitskayaE. RyabokoL. Stability of some biologically active substances in extracts and preparations based on St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) and Sage (Salvia officinalis L.).Ind. Crops Prod.202015611287910.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112879
    [Google Scholar]
  47. IbrahimE. GulW. GulS. StamperB. HadadG. Abdel SalamR. IbrahimA. AhmedS. ChandraS. LataH. RadwanM. ElSohlyM. Determination of acid and neutral cannabinoids in extracts of different strains of Cannabis sativa using GC-FID.Planta Med.201884425025910.1055/s‑0043‑12408829237190
    [Google Scholar]
  48. O’CroininC. LeT.S. DoschakM. LöbenbergR. DaviesN.M. A validated method for detection of cannflavins in hemp extracts.J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.202323511563110.1016/j.jpba.2023.11563137586306
    [Google Scholar]
  49. GulW. IbrahimE.A. GulS.W. ShahzadiI. RadwanM.M. ChandraS. LataH. ElSohlyM.A. Development and validation of a GC-FID method for the quantitation of 20 different acidic and neutral cannabinoids.Planta Med.202389668369610.1055/a‑1962‑816536257598
    [Google Scholar]
  50. PantharosP. SukcharoenP. PhadungrakwittayaR. AkarasereenontP. BooranasubkajornS. LumlerdkijN. Utilization of UPLC-PDA and GC–MS/MS coupled with metabolomics analysis to identify bioactive metabolites in medicinal turmeric at different ages for the quality assurance.Phytomedicine202210215415710.1016/j.phymed.2022.15415735550222
    [Google Scholar]
  51. MudgeE. ChanM. VenkataramanS. BrownP.N. Curcuminoids in turmeric roots and supplements: Method optimization and validation.Food Anal. Methods2016951428143510.1007/s12161‑015‑0326‑0
    [Google Scholar]
  52. MohammedH.A. AlsahabiD.S. HegazyA.M. KhanR.A. AhmedA.M. Analytical purity determinations of universal food-spice Curcuma longa through a QbD validated HPLC approach with critical parametric predictors and operable-design’s monte carlo simulations: analysis of extracts, forced-degradants, and capsules and tablets-based pharmaceutical dosage forms.Foods2023125101010.3390/foods1205101036900526
    [Google Scholar]
  53. SaffarihaM. JahaniA. JahaniR. A comparison of artificial intelligence techniques for predicting hyperforin content in Hypericum perforatum L. in different ecological habitats.Plant Direct2021511e36310.1002/pld3.36334849453
    [Google Scholar]
  54. OhtsukiT. FriesenJ.B. ChenS.N. McAlpineJ.B. PauliG.F. Selective preparation and high dynamic-range analysis of cannabinoids in “CBD Oil” and other Cannabis sativa preparations.J. Nat. Prod.202285363464610.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c0097634990123
    [Google Scholar]
  55. BayramS. KutluN. GerçekY.C. ÇelikS. Ecem BayramN. Bioactive compounds of deep eutectic solvents extracts of Hypericum perforatum L.: Polyphenolic- organic acid profile by LC-MS/MS and pharmaceutical activity.Food Biosci.20224910192610.1016/j.fbio.2022.101926
    [Google Scholar]
  56. HewavitharanaA.K. Gloerfelt-TarpF. NolanM. BarklaB.J. PurdyS. KretzschmarT. Simultaneous quantification of 17 cannabinoids in cannabis inflorescence by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Separations2022948510.3390/separations9040085
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cchts/10.2174/0113862073285382240526064157
Loading
/content/journals/cchts/10.2174/0113862073285382240526064157
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test