Skip to content
2000
Volume 28, Issue 8
  • ISSN: 1386-2073
  • E-ISSN: 1875-5402

Abstract

Periodontitis, the burgeoning disease, is at an alarming stage. Although this has triggered dedicated research in this area, as the disease itself demands a multi-component therapy, there is an unmet need for a compartment and sequential drug delivery system to ameliorate disease symptoms completely. The hypothesized work consists of multitherapeutic agents such as an antibiotic, a COX-II inhibitor, an MMP inhibitor, and a bone regenerating agent in an gel. However, for the development of the system, as mentioned above, a thorough investigation at each stage is necessary; therefore, the quality-by-design approach was adopted.

Furthermore, the current work is a pursuit of studying the quality by design aspects for the fabrication of a compartment system, , gel for periodontal delivery. The proposed system gel consists of antibiotic and nano-encapsulating microcapsules. Furthermore, the microcapsules contain a COX-II inhibitor and nanoparticles of MMP inhibitor and bone regenerating agent for complete amelioration of periodontitis. To develop the system as per the QbD approach, the first initial trials and runs were conducted, which helped to decide the quality target product profile (QTPP). However, based on QTPP, critical quality attributes (CQA), critical process parameters (CPP), and critical material attributes (CMAs) were decided for each stage product, , gel, microcapsules, and nanoparticles. To assess the influence of CPPs and CMAs on CQAs, Pareto charts were constructed, and various risks, along with possible failure modes were studied. In conclusion, the above work will serve as a well-designed scientific mouthpiece for developing a compartment system for periodontotherapy.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cchts/10.2174/0113862073281069240409073144
2025-05-01
2025-09-16
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. JainP. HassanN. KhatoonK. MirzaM.A. NaseefP.P. KuruniyanM.S. IqbalZ. Periodontitis and systemic disorder—an overview of relation and novel treatment modalities.Pharmaceutics2021138117510.3390/pharmaceutics13081175 34452136
    [Google Scholar]
  2. IqbalD.Z. MirzaM.A. IqbalZ. Unraveling the etiology of periodontitis.Int. J. Biomed. Investig.2021411410.31531/2581‑4745.1000131
    [Google Scholar]
  3. KwonT. LamsterI.B. LevinL. Current concepts in the management of periodontitis.Int. Dent. J.202171646247610.1111/idj.12630 34839889
    [Google Scholar]
  4. JainP. FarooqU. HassanN. AlbrattyM. AlamM.S. MakeenH.A. MirzaM.A. IqbalZ. Nanotechnology interventions as a putative tool for the treatment of dental afflictions.Nanotechnol. Rev.20221111935194610.1515/ntrev‑2022‑0115
    [Google Scholar]
  5. JainP. MirzaM.A. TalegaonkarS. NandyS. DudejaM. SharmaN. AnwerM.K. AlshahraniS.M. IqbalZ. Design and in vitro/in vivo evaluations of a multiple-drug-containing gingiva disc for periodontotherapy.RSC Advances202010148530853810.1039/C9RA09569A 35497829
    [Google Scholar]
  6. JainP. GargA. FarooqU. PandaA.K. MirzaM.A. NoureldeenA. DarwishH. IqbalZ. Preparation and quality by design assisted (Qb-d) optimization of bioceramic loaded microspheres for periodontal delivery of doxycycline hyclate.Saudi J. Biol. Sci.20212852677268510.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.046 34025152
    [Google Scholar]
  7. YanN. XuJ. LiuG. MaC. BaoL. CongY. WangZ. ZhaoY. XuW. ChenC. Penetrating macrophage-based nanoformulation for periodontitis treatment.ACS Nano20221611182531826510.1021/acsnano.2c05923 36288552
    [Google Scholar]
  8. KumaarN.R. NairS.C. Nanomaterials: An intra-periodontal pocket drug-delivery system for periodontitis.Ther. Deliv.202314322724910.4155/tde‑2023‑0001 37291865
    [Google Scholar]
  9. ShinehG. MobarakiM. AfzaliE. AlakijaF. VelisdehZ.J. MillsD.K. Antimicrobial Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Bone Tissue Repair.Biomedical Materials & Devices2024124
    [Google Scholar]
  10. AadinathW. MuthuvijayanV. Antibacterial and angiogenic potential of iron oxide nanoparticles-stabilized acrylate-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces202323111357210.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113572 37797467
    [Google Scholar]
  11. JainP. MirzaM.A. IqbalZ.A. 4-D approach for amelioration of periodontitis.Med. Hypotheses201913310939210.1016/j.mehy.2019.109392 31521022
    [Google Scholar]
  12. MirzaM.A. IqbalZ. JainP. FarooqU. NainwalL.M. AlamM. PoonkuzhiN.P. KuruniyanM.S. In-silico validation of the proposed treatment strategy of periodontitis.Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen.202225132295231310.2174/1386207325666220126102235 35081885
    [Google Scholar]
  13. KimballM. Manufacturing topical formulations: Scale‐up from lab to pilot production.In: Handbook of formulating dermal applications: A definitive practical guide.Wiley2016167232
    [Google Scholar]
  14. ICH Q8 (R2) Pharmaceutical development.Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/ich-q8-r2-pharmaceutical-development (accessed Jul 23, 2022).
  15. RapalliV.K. BanerjeeS. KhanS. JhaP.N. GuptaG. DuaK. HasnainM.S. NayakA.K. DubeyS.K. SinghviG. QbD-driven formulation development and evaluation of topical hydrogel containing ketoconazole loaded cubosomes.Mater. Sci. Eng. C202111911154810.1016/j.msec.2020.111548 33321612
    [Google Scholar]
  16. JainS. Quality by design (QBD): A comprehensive understanding of implementation and challenges in pharmaceuticals development.Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci.201462935
    [Google Scholar]
  17. YuL.X. Pharmaceutical quality by design: Product and process development, understanding, and control.Pharm. Res.200825478179110.1007/s11095‑007‑9511‑1 18185986
    [Google Scholar]
  18. OsborneD. Impact of quality by design on topical product excipient suppliers.Pharm. Technol.201628103033
    [Google Scholar]
  19. NamjoshiS. DabbaghiM. RobertsM.S. GriceJ.E. MohammedY. Quality by design: Development of the quality target product profile (QTPP) for semisolid topical products.Pharmaceutics202012328710.3390/pharmaceutics12030287 32210126
    [Google Scholar]
  20. ChangR.K. RawA. LionbergerR. YuL. Generic development of topical dermatologic products, Part II: Quality by design for topical semisolid products.AAPS J.201315367468310.1208/s12248‑013‑9472‑8 23572241
    [Google Scholar]
  21. JoshiD. GargT. GoyalA.K. RathG. Advanced drug delivery approaches against periodontitis.Drug Deliv.201623236337710.3109/10717544.2014.935531 25005586
    [Google Scholar]
  22. NguyenS. HiorthM. Advanced drug delivery systems for local treatment of the oral cavity.Ther. Deliv.20156559560810.4155/tde.15.5 26001175
    [Google Scholar]
  23. KawasakiH. ShimanouchiT. KimuraY. Recent development of optimization of lyophilization process.J. Chem.2019201911410.1155/2019/9502856
    [Google Scholar]
  24. JavedM.N. KohliK. AminS. Risk assessment integrated QbD approach for development of optimized bicontinuous mucoadhesive limicubes for oral delivery of rosuvastatin.AAPS PharmSciTech20181931377139110.1208/s12249‑018‑0951‑1 29388027
    [Google Scholar]
  25. WangF. LiZ. GanX. LuX. JiaoB. ShenM. Quality by design driven development and evaluation of thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with IgY and LL37-SLNs to combat experimental periodontitis.Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.202318510644410.1016/j.ejps.2023.106444 37044199
    [Google Scholar]
  26. KulkarniV.S. ShawC. Preparation and stability testing.Essential Chemistry for Formulators of Semisolid and Liquid Dosages. KulkarniV.S. ShawC. BostonAcademic Press20169913510.1016/B978‑0‑12‑801024‑2.00007‑8
    [Google Scholar]
  27. SahaM. SahaD.R. UlhosnaT. SharkerS.M. ShohagM.H. IslamM.S. RayS.K. RahmanG.M.S. RezaH.M. QbD based development of resveratrol-loaded mucoadhesive lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles for prolonged ocular drug delivery.J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol.20216310248010.1016/j.jddst.2021.102480
    [Google Scholar]
  28. FonteyneM. WickströmH. PeetersE. VercruysseJ. EhlersH. PetersB.H. RemonJ.P. VervaetC. KetolainenJ. SandlerN. RantanenJ. NaelapääK. BeerT.D. Influence of raw material properties upon critical quality attributes of continuously produced granules and tablets.Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.201487225226310.1016/j.ejpb.2014.02.011 24589422
    [Google Scholar]
  29. KushnerJ.I.V. LangdonB.A. HillerJ.I. CarlsonG.T. Examining the impact of excipient material property variation on drug product quality attributes: A quality-by-design study for a roller compacted, immediate release tablet.J. Pharm. Sci.201110062222223910.1002/jps.22455 21319161
    [Google Scholar]
  30. MohapatraS. MirzaM.A. AhmadS. FarooqU. AnsariM.J. KohliK. IqbalZ. Quality by design assisted optimization and risk assessment of black cohosh loaded ethosomal gel for menopause: Investigating different formulation and process variables.Pharmaceutics202315246510.3390/pharmaceutics15020465 36839787
    [Google Scholar]
  31. NayakA.K. AhmedS.A. BegS. TabishM. HasnainM.S. Application of quality by design for the development of biopharmaceuticals.Pharmaceutical quality by design.Elsevier201939941110.1016/B978‑0‑12‑815799‑2.00019‑8
    [Google Scholar]
  32. DevasaniS.R. DevA. RathodS. DeshmukhG. An overview of in situ gelling systems.Pharmaceut Biolog Evaluat201636069
    [Google Scholar]
  33. WangL.L. ZhengW.S. ChenS.H. FangX.Q. Development of in situ gelling and bio adhesive 5-Fluorouracil enema.PLoS One201388e7103710.1371/journal.pone.0071037 23976976
    [Google Scholar]
  34. ScholzP. KeckC. NanocrystalsC. Nanocrystals: From raw material to the final formulated oral dosage form - A review.Curr. Pharm. Des.201521294217422810.2174/1381612821666150901100417 26323428
    [Google Scholar]
  35. RahmanM.N. QaderO.A.J.A. SukmasariS. IsmailA.F. DoolaaneaA.A. Rheological characterization of different gelling polymers for dental gel formulation.J. Pharm. Sci. Res.2017926332640
    [Google Scholar]
  36. DaveV.S. SaojiS.D. RautN.A. HawareR.V. Excipient variability and its impact on dosage form functionality.J. Pharm. Sci.2015104390691510.1002/jps.24299 25561249
    [Google Scholar]
  37. BudhianA. SiegelS.J. WineyK.I. Haloperidol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: Systematic study of particle size and drug content.Int. J. Pharm.2007336236737510.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.061 17207944
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Malaekeh-NikoueiB. Sajadi TabassiS. JaafariM. The effect of different grades of PLGA on characteristics of microspheres encapsulated with cyclosporine A.Curr. Drug Deliv.20063434334910.2174/156720106778559074 17076635
    [Google Scholar]
  39. FangX. ZhaoX. YuG. ZhangL. FengY. ZhouY. LiuY. LiJ. Effect of molecular weight and pH on the self-assembly microstructural and emulsification of amphiphilic sodium alginate colloid particles.Food Hydrocoll.202010310559310.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105593
    [Google Scholar]
  40. DouglasK.L. TabrizianM. Effect of experimental parameters on the formation of alginate–chitosan nanoparticles and evaluation of their potential application as DNA carrier.J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed.2005161435610.1163/1568562052843339 15796304
    [Google Scholar]
  41. MuraS. HillaireauH. NicolasJ. Le DroumaguetB. GueutinC. ZannaS. TsapisN. FattalE. Influence of surface charge on the potential toxicity of PLGA nanoparticles towards Calu-3 cells.Int. J. Nanomedicine2011625912605 22114491
    [Google Scholar]
  42. JiaoW. ChenW. MeiY. YunY. WangB. ZhongQ. ChenH. ChenW. Effects of molecular weight and guluronic acid/mannuronic acid ratio on the rheological behavior and stabilizing property of sodium alginate.Molecules20192423437410.3390/molecules24234374 31795396
    [Google Scholar]
  43. SinghS. SinghaP. Effect of modifications in poly (Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) on drug release and degradation characteristics: A mini review.Curr. Drug Deliv.202118101378139010.2174/1567201818666210510165938 33970845
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cchts/10.2174/0113862073281069240409073144
Loading
/content/journals/cchts/10.2174/0113862073281069240409073144
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test