Cooperative Spectrum Sensing under SISO and MIMO Environment for Cognitive Radio Networks

Background: Increasing demand for wireless devices leads to the efficient use of spectrum resources. Despite the limited availability of spectrum resources, all licensed users do not utilize their spectrum all the time. Objective: Cognitive Radio (CR) is used to detect free channels in the available spectrum resources and access them dynamically without interfering with licensed users. Various spectrum sensing (SS) techniques are available to sense the spectrum of licensed users. Methods: The spectrum sensing technique, energy detector (ED), is analysed under a Rayleigh fading channel. Further, Single Input Single Output (SISO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channel models are developed in the consumer environment. The ED technique is further analysed with cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) to overcome detection problems for a single CR user. Results: The ED achieves a probability of detection (PD) of 0.9 and a probability of false alarm (PFA) of 0.1 at the lowest SNR of −20 dB, which is the requirement for a standard IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN). Conclusion: Various receiver operating characteristics are determined by conducting practical simulations and theoretical calculations for each SISO and MIMO channel model with and without the CSS scenario to achieve the target PD and PFA .