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image of Optimization of Levomilnacipran Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

Aim

The study employed Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) model to optimise the formulations of Levomilnacipran nanostructured lipid carriers (LEV-NLC).

Methods

This study utilised a CCRD (Central Composite Rotatable Design) with a three-factor factorial design and three levels. It examined the particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of LEV-NLC in relation to three independent variables: the ratio of aqueous to organic phase (X1), the ratio of drug to lipid (X2), and the concentration of surfactant (X3).

Results

The results demonstrated that the most favourable composition could be achieved using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The most effective composition for LEV-NLC consisted of a 1:1 ratio of aqueous to organic phase (X1), a 1:7 ratio of drug to lipid (X2), and a surfactant concentration (X3) of 0.5%. Under the optimised conditions, the LEV-NLC formulation resulted in a particle size of 148 nm, a zeta potential of 36 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 88%. The optimised LEV-NLC was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which revealed the presence of spherical particles. The total percentage of Levomilnacipran released from the NLC was 77% at pH 7.4 and 76% at pH 6.0 over 24 hours, exhibiting a sustained release profile that could enhance the therapeutic benefits of the drug.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the effective application of RSM-CCRD for modelling LEV-NLC.

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2025-08-28
2025-11-04

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/content/journals/pnt/10.2174/0122117385396141250801060535
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Optimization of Levomilnacipran Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Using Response Surface Methodology
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385396141250801060535
/content/journals/pnt/10.2174/0122117385396141250801060535
/content/journals/pnt/10.2174/0122117385396141250801060535
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: zeta potential analysis ; response surface methodology ; central composite rotatable design ; nanostructured lipid carrier ; Levomilnacipran

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