Glucolipid Metabolic Disorders - Current Issue
Volume 1, Issue 1, 2025
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A Comparative Study of Analytical Methods for Empagliflozin and Related Drugs
More LessAuthors: Kajol, Abhijeet Singh Rana, Aditi Kaushik, Nikhil Sharma and Mahendra Singh AshawatIntroductionDiabetes mellitus is the major contributor to the morbidity and mortality of individuals worldwide and leads to consequences such as cardiovascular illnesses, renal failure, eyesight loss, and other disorders. More than half of diabetics do not obtain the appropriate care despite the disease's increasing prevalence, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. The global prevalence of diabetes has been increasing briskly, and the number of individuals with diabetes increased from 200 million in 1990 to almost 830 million in 2022. In low- and middle-income nations, this rise is particularly noticeable. An estimated 783 million persons, or 12.2% of the total adult population, are expected to have diabetes by 2045.
MethodsThe treatment therapeutics which are available for the management of DM include sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 Inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and bile acid sequestrants. The SGLT2 inhibitor, Empagliflozin, has been proven to provide good management of DM and aids in reducing blood sugar levels. It can be taken either on its own or in conjunction with DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) inhibitors or metformin. Due to the fact that empagliflozin and its combination are frequently prescribed for the management of DM, the analysis becomes an important aspect of ensuring proper quality control.
Results and DiscussionThe literature listed a number of analytical methods, including HPTLC, HLPC, UV spectroscopy, and other hyphenated techniques.
ConclusionThis review provided clear and detailed analytical methods and their validation, which provide full insight into the analysis of this drug and its combination.
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C-Peptide in Beta Cell Regeneration and Autoimmune Diabetes: A Therapeutic Perspective
More LessIn autoimmune diabetes, the body's immune system attacks and destroys pancreatic beta cells, leading to a complete loss of insulin production. As a result, individuals with this condition require lifelong external insulin therapy. Recent advancements in diabetes treatment have focused on strategies to preserve and regenerate beta cell mass, making this an important area for research. Beyond its role in insulin biosynthesis, C-peptide has gained attention for its physiological effects, which extend beyond simply being a byproduct of insulin production. This review explores the structure and function of C-peptide, its potential impact on autoimmune processes in Type 1 diabetes, and its ability to stimulate beta cell regeneration. Additionally, we discuss the mechanisms by which C-peptide protects beta cell function, counteracts the harmful effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and modulates immune responses. Clinical trials have provided promising evidence that C-peptide supplementation can lead to improved clinical outcomes, including enhanced insulin secretion, better beta cell function, and a reduction in diabetes-related complications. This article also examines the potential for C-peptide therapy to become a standard treatment option for autoimmune diabetes, either as a standalone therapy or in combination with other treatments aimed at modulating the immune system and promoting beta cell regeneration. By providing insights into the multiple therapeutic roles of C-peptide, this review aims to help readers understand its potential as a valuable tool in diabetes management and its broader implications for controlling autoimmune diabetes.
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