Current Signal Transduction Therapy - Volume 17, Issue 2, 2022

The COVID-19 infection has already had a significant impact on the global health system. Nowadays, the second wave of the disease is surging in India. One significant difference between the two waves is that they are too virulent in terms of infection rate. During the surge of the second wave, the mortality rate is highest in the age group of 50-70 years old. In three age groups, below 10, 30 to 40 years, and above 80, the mortality rate is increased. Symptoms are also different in both waves. The second wave is becoming more dangerous due to the double mutant variant of the virus.

Background: The second wave of coronavirus has appeared to be an extensive uphill of the number of daily new confirmed cases, recovered cases, and deaths than the first wave in India and the whole world. In India, the second wave of COVID-19 is much dangerous than the first wave that hit on 14th April 2020. The maximum number of new cases was 406901 recorded on May 7, 5.3 times more than the first wave peak. Many researchers worldwide are using machine learning prediction models to forecast the upcoming trends of this pandemic. Methods: This study used an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to predict the daily new confirmed cases, daily new deaths, and daily new recoveries between and after the second wave of COVID-19 in India. The dataset was collected from March 14, 2020- July 7, 2021, using the ARIMA model to predict corona cases for the next 60 days. Results: In the context of the current scenario in India, the second wave will score low new cases in mid-August 2021, and the third wave will hit the country in the middle of September 2021. Conclusion: The ARIMA model was chosen based on AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) values and acquired the maximum accuracy of 95%.

Background: The medical data stored in the cloud is easily accessible, and the data of the patient can be shared among hospitals or medical centers. In this situation, in order to manage additional information, the cloud data must be of a smaller size. Methods: In this research, the experiment is carried out in two ways: fast routing operations and compression from the chip in the DMFB technique. To achieve this size reduction, a compression mechanism is created to decrease the data without losing any data. To use this compression method, the data acquired from the chip is converted into an image. The image is then compressed using a genetic algorithm (GA) based on ring cross-over. Results: As a result, the 8x8 array's biochip is incorporated into the power and area with the ring crossmodule for an efficient energy consumption operation. The process technique is used by the microfluidic (MF) feature to manage and sustain the droplets. In addition, to avoid pin-actuation conflicts, the optimization approach involves merging related pin actuation segments in parallel with the control pin. It synchronizes the length during the optimization process. Conclusion: This proposed approach reduces power and area use. This algorithm is used to compress images. The results of the simulation show an improvement in dynamic power, static power, and delay. Furthermore, for improved outcomes, this GA compression application is compared to wavelet compressions.

Background: In the extraction of information from multimodality images, anatomical and functional image fusion became an effective tool in the applications of clinical imaging. Objective: A new approach to fuse anatomical and functional images that use the combination of activity measure and intuitionistic fuzzy sets in the NSST domain is presented. Methods: First, the high and low-frequency sub-images of source images are obtained by utilizing NSST decomposition, which represents them in multi-scale and multi-directions. Next, the high-frequency sub-images are applied to intuitionistic fuzzy sets, in which the fused coefficients are selected using an activity measure called fuzzy entropy. Results: The multiplication of weighted local energy and weighted sum modified Laplacian is used as an activity measure to fuse the low-frequency sub-images. At last, the reconstruction of the final fused image is done by applying the inverse NSST on the above-fused coefficients. Conclusion: The efficacy of the proposed fuzzy-based method is verifiable by five different modalities of anatomical and functional images. Both subjective and objective calculations showed better results than existing methods.

Background: Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum) belongs to the Lamiaceae family. They were used traditionally to treat different sorts of diseases, including cancer. Aims: The current study aims to evaluate both anticancer and immunomodulatory activities of wild thyme water extract. Methods: The antiproliferative activities of the extract were tested against different cancer cell lines using MTT assay, while the degree of apoptosis induction and VEGF expression were detected using ELISA. The lymphocyte proliferation assay was used to evaluate the acquired immunity, whereas both: the nitro blue tetrazolium assay and the neutral red method were used to assess the innate activity; phagocytosis and pinocytosis, respectively. Balb/C mice were inoculated with the EMT6/P breast cancer cells and received the extract orally for 14 days. GC-MS and LC-MS were used to determine the composition of the wild thyme water extract. Results: Results showed that wild thyme had significant apoptosis induction and angiogenesis suppression effects. The extract stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis and pinocytosis strongly. Seventy percent (70%) of the mice taking this extract did not develop tumors, with a percentage of tumor reduction (49.4%). Rosmarinic acid was the highest in the wild thyme water extract in GC-MS and LCMS. Conclusion: Wild thyme herbal infusion is rich in phytochemicals that have the potential to activate the immune system and inhibit tumor progression. Further testing is required to understand the exact molecular mechanisms of this extract. Further studies are also needed to test the wild thyme infusion against tumors established in mice.