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2000
Volume 22, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1875-6921
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6913

Abstract

Introduction

(Mtb) is the primary cause of infectious tuberculosis (TB) and is primarily spread through respiratory droplets. TB is an ancient disease discovered a century ago, and still despite all the advances in the medical sciences, this disease continues to be one of the top 10 diseases. WHO reported that in 2024, 10.6 million people were infected with TB, and 1.6 million fatalities were linked to the disease. The conventional TB treatment encompasses the use of antimicrobial drugs, but due to shortcomings like the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, lengthy treatment protocols, side effects, and drug tolerance, antimicrobial therapies are not yielding successful outcomes in TB treatment. Therefore, an alternate approach to the conventional TB treatment protocol is warranted.

Methods

A meticulous evaluation of scientific, qualitative, and quantitative research from the most prominent scientific databases was carried out. We searched Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed literature on TB management up to date. The present study discusses immunotherapy and drug repurposing as emerging potential alternate treatment options for combating TB. This study examines TB resistance, the immunotherapy approach, and the mechanism of action of all repurposing drugs for effective multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) management.

Results

Many studies have been conducted globally for effective drug repurposing and immunotherapy for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) management. The success of immunotherapy in treating fatal diseases in the previous years has been in the limelight, and treating infectious diseases like TB with immunotherapeutic approaches holds great promise.

Discussion

Conventional TB treatments face challenges like resistance and long durations. Immunotherapy and drug repurposing offer promising alternatives by enhancing immune response and using existing drugs with new applications. These strategies could improve outcomes in MDR-TB and warrant further clinical investigation.

Conclusion

In this review, we have summarised the immunomodulatory drugs that have been repurposed for tuberculosis treatment. Drug repurposing is a cost-effective and time-efficient method of developing new drugs by repurposing an existing drug for a new therapeutic use.

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/content/journals/cppm/10.2174/0118756921381395250614152438
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Reimagining Tuberculosis Treatment: The Promise of Immunotherapy and Drug Repurposing
Curr. Pharm. and. Per. Med. 22, E18756921381395 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0118756921381395250614152438
/content/journals/cppm/10.2174/0118756921381395250614152438
/content/journals/cppm/10.2174/0118756921381395250614152438
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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): drug repurposing; drug resistance; immunomodulatory drugs; Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; respiratory droplets; Tuberculosis

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