Skip to content
2000
Volume 31, Issue 25
  • ISSN: 1381-6128
  • E-ISSN: 1873-4286

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects about 37 million Americans. Approximately 20% of patients with high blood pressure and 33% of patients with diabetes have kidney disease. CKD is most common among people aged 65 or older and is slightly more common in women. It substantially impacts certain ethnic groups more than others and is associated with a huge financial burden. End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) is treated with dialysis or a kidney transplantation. CKD and ESKD are very detrimental and expensive illnesses, demanding creative therapeutic interventions to enable better management and enhanced clinical outcomes. Toward this goal, agents from various novel drug classes showed promising safety and efficacy in patients with varying severity of CKD in several phase 2 studies. This concise review will shed light on the clinical trials of runcaciguat, cotadutide, osocimab, and Endothelin Receptor Antagonists (ERAs) in patients with CKD and/or ESKD. These drugs were retrieved following surveying the Clinical Trial database as well as the Pubmed database, both maintained by the US National Library of Medicine.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128360091250117040009
2025-02-06
2025-09-05
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. American Diabetes Association Diabetes Complications: Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).Available from: https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/complications/chronic-kidney-disease/diabetes-high-blood-pressure-chronic-kidney-disease Accessed on August 15, 2024.
  2. ThomasR. KansoA. SedorJ.R. Chronic kidney disease and its complications.Prim. Care2008352329344, vii10.1016/j.pop.2008.01.00818486718
    [Google Scholar]
  3. VaidyaS.R. AeddulaN.R. Chronic Kidney Disease.StatPearls.Treasure Island, FLStatPearls Publishing2024
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States, 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human.2021Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/pdf/Chronic-Kidney-Disease-in-the-US-2021-h.pdf Accessed on August 26, 2023.
  5. United States Renal Data System USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services.2022Available from: https://usrds-adr.niddk.nih.gov/2022 Accessed August 26, 2023.
  6. National institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases.Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/kidney-disease Accessed on December 25, 2023.
  7. Study on the Safety of the Drug Runcaciguat and How Well it Works When Given at the Highest Dose as Tolerated by Individual Patient Whose Kidneys Are Not Working Properly and Suffering at the Same Time From High Blood Sugar and/or High Blood Pressure and a Disease of the Heart and the Blood Vessels. (CONCORD).Available from: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04507061 Accessed on August 26, 2023.
  8. A study of cotadutide in participants who have chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Available from: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04515849?cond=Cotadutide&draw=2&rank=2 Accessed on August 26, 2023.
  9. Study to investigate the safety of a drug called osocimab at low and high doses in adult patients with kidney failure requiring regular hemodialysis (CONVERT).Available from: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT04523220?cond=Osocimab&draw=2&rank=1 Accessed on August 26, 2023.
  10. PatelR. FuY. KhangS. BenardeauA.M. ThomsonS.C. VallonV. Responses in blood pressure and kidney function to soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulation or activation in normal and diabetic rats.Nephron J.2023147528130010.1159/00052693436265461
    [Google Scholar]
  11. BénardeauA. KahnertA. SchomberT. MeyerJ. PavkovicM. KretschmerA. LawrenzB. HartmannE. MatharI. HueserJ. KraehlingJ.R. EitnerF. HahnM.G. StaschJ.P. SandnerP. Runcaciguat, a novel soluble guanylate cyclase activator, shows renoprotection in hypertensive, diabetic, and metabolic preclinical models of chronic kidney disease.Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol.2021394122363237910.1007/s00210‑021‑02149‑434550407
    [Google Scholar]
  12. StehleD. XuM.Z. SchomberT. HahnM.G. SchwedaF. FeilS. KraehlingJ.R. EitnerF. PatzakA. SandnerP. FeilR. BénardeauA. Novel soluble guanylyl cyclase activators increase glomerular cGMP, induce vasodilation and improve blood flow in the murine kidney.Br. J. Pharmacol.2022179112476248910.1111/bph.1558634096053
    [Google Scholar]
  13. HahnM.G. LampeT. El SheikhS. GriebenowN. WolteringE. SchlemmerK.H. DietzL. GerischM. WunderF. Becker-PelsterE.M. MondritzkiT. TinelH. KnorrA. KernA. LangD. HueserJ. SchomberT. BenardeauA. EitnerF. TruebelH. MittendorfJ. KumarV. van den AkkerF. SchaeferM. GeissV. SandnerP. StaschJ.P. Discovery of the soluble guanylate cyclase activator runcaciguat (BAY 1101042).J. Med. Chem.20216495323534410.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c0215433872507
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Al-HoraniR.A. ChedidM. Tirzepatide: A new generation therapeutic for diabetes type 2.Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets20232381046105010.2174/187153032266622100415121236200219
    [Google Scholar]
  15. LiY. ZhouQ. DaiA. ZhaoF. ChangR. YingT. WuB. YangD. WangM.W. CongZ. Structural analysis of the dual agonism at GLP-1R and GCGR.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA202312033e230369612010.1073/pnas.230369612037549266
    [Google Scholar]
  16. JiangN. JingL. LiQ. SuS. YangQ. ZhouF. ChenX. HanJ. TangC. TangW. Design of novel Xenopus GLP-1-based dual glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)/glucagon receptor agonists.Eur. J. Med. Chem.202121211311810.1016/j.ejmech.2020.11311833422984
    [Google Scholar]
  17. AmberyP.D. KlammtS. PoschM.G. PetroneM. PuW. RondinoneC. JermutusL. HirshbergB. MEDI0382, a GLP-1/glucagon receptor dual agonist, meets safety and tolerability endpoints in a single-dose, healthy-subject, randomized, phase 1 study.Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.201884102325233510.1111/bcp.1368829926478
    [Google Scholar]
  18. SchaeferM. BuchmuellerA. DittmerF. StraßburgerJ. WilmenA. Allosteric inhibition as a new mode of action for BAY 1213790, a neutralizing antibody targeting the activated form of coagulation factor xi.J. Mol. Biol.2019431244817483310.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.00831655039
    [Google Scholar]
  19. WeitzJ.I. BauersachsR. BeckerB. BerkowitzS.D. FreitasM.C.S. LassenM.R. MetzigC. RaskobG.E. Effect of osocimab in preventing venous thromboembolism among patients undergoing knee arthroplasty.JAMA2020323213013910.1001/jama.2019.2068731935028
    [Google Scholar]
  20. BeaversC.J. WayneN.B. Osocimab: A novel agent in preventing venous thromboembolism.J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol.202076664564910.1097/FJC.000000000000092133105325
    [Google Scholar]
  21. JonesA. Al-HoraniR.A. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in major orthopedic surgeries and factor XIa inhibitors.Med. Sci.20231134910.3390/medsci1103004937606428
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Minnaard-HuibanM. EmmenJ.M.A. RoumenL. BeugelsI.P.E. CohuetG.M.S. van EssenH. RuijtersE. PieterseK. HilbersP.A.J. OttenheijmH.C.J. PlateR. de GooyerM.E. SmitsJ.F.M. HermansJ.J.R. Fadrozole reverses cardiac fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats: Discordant enantioselectivity versus reduction of plasma aldosterone.Endocrinology20081491283110.1210/en.2007‑058417884944
    [Google Scholar]
  23. KohanD.E. HeerspinkHJL CollB. AndressD. BrennanJ.J. KitzmanD.W. Correa-RotterR. MakinoH. PerkovicV. HouF.F. RemuzziG. TobeS.W. TotoR. ParvingH.H. de ZeeuwD. Predictors of atrasentan-associated fluid retention and change in albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.20151091568157410.2215/CJN.0057011526153128
    [Google Scholar]
  24. KoomenJ.V. StevensJ. BakrisG. Correa-RotterR. HouF.F. KitzmanD.W. KohanD.E. MakinoH. McMurrayJ.J.V. ParvingH.H. PerkovicV. TobeS.W. de ZeeuwD. HeerspinkH.J.L. Individual atrasentan exposure is associated with long-term kidney and heart failure outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.202110961631163810.1002/cpt.214333338269
    [Google Scholar]
  25. HeerspinkH.J.L. ParvingH.H. AndressD.L. BakrisG. Correa-RotterR. HouF.F. KitzmanD.W. KohanD. MakinoH. McMurrayJ.J.V. MelnickJ.Z. MillerM.G. PergolaP.E. PerkovicV. TobeS. YiT. WigdersonM. de ZeeuwD. ElbertA. VallejosA. AlvarisquetaA. MaffeiL. JuncosL. de ArteagaJ. GreloniG. FariasE. ZucchiniA. VogelD. CusumanoA. SantosJ. FraenkelM. GallagherM. DavisT. AcharyaS. CookeD. SuranyiM. RogerS. ToussaintN. PollockC. ChanD. StranksS. MacIsaacR. EndreZ. SchmidtA. PragerR. MayerG. WarlingX. JadoulM. HougardyJ. VercammenC. Van VlemB. GillardP. Costa e FortiA. BorgesJ.L. Santos CananiL. EliaschewitzF. LeiteS. Fraige FilhoF. PaschoalinR. Moura NetoJ.A. DeboniL. de Lourdes NoronhaI. CercatoC. PromptC.A. ZanellaM. RassiN. D’AvilaD. MilagresR. FelicioJ. Pecoits FilhoR. RiellaM.C. SallesJ. KeitelE. DraibeS. AmodeoC. YoumbissiJ. RoyL. CournoyerS. JollyS. PichetteV. NesrallahG. BajajH.S. KhandwalaH. AronsonR. GoluchR. TamP. RabbatC. TobeS. BaileyG. ChowS. CastilloA. Danin VargasA. GonzalezF. MunozR. GutierrezV. GodoyG. ZhaoH. LiuZ. ZhaoM. GuoX. SuB. FuS. XuY. YangJ. ShiB. XiaoG. ShiW. HaoC. XingC. HouF. LuoQ. LiY. JiL. ZuoL. WangS. NiZ. DingG. ChenN. ZhaoJ. JiaW. YuS. WengJ. XuG. FuP. SunS. LiuB. DingX. RychlikI. OplustilovaA. BartaskovaD. HonovaV. ChmelickovaH. PetrM. BucekP. TesarV. ZahumenskyE. PovlsenJ. EgstrupK. Oczachowska-KulikA. RossingP. LahtelaJ. StrandJ. KantolaI. PetitC. CombeC. ZaouiP. EsnaultV. Urena TorresP. HalimiJ-M. DussolB. BielerT. BuddeK. DellannaF. SegietT. KoschC. Schmidt-GuertlerH. SchenkenbergerI. VielhauerV. PistroschF. AlscherM. HasslacherC. HugoC. MuehlfeldA. WannerC. PassadakisP. ApostolouT. TentolourisN. StefanidisI. MavromatidisK. LiakopoulosV. GoumenosD. SiamopoulosK. YeungV. OzakiR. FungS. TanK. TangS. LuiS.L. CheungS.F. SreenanS. EustaceJ. O’SheaD. LavinP. StackA. YagilY. WainsteinJ. KnoblerH. CohenJ. KenisI. DaoudD. Bar-DayanY. FrajewickiV. AdawiF. GesualdoL. SantoroD. MarinoF. GalfreA. BrunatiC. RuggenentiP. RombolaG. PuglieseG. RaveraM. MalbertiF. PontorieroG. RampinoT. De CosmoS. EspositoC. NappiF. AbaterussoC. ConteG. PanichiV. LauroD. CapassoG. RussoD. AnzaiJ. NakaM. AtoK. TsujimotoT. NimuraT. NakashimaE. TakedaT. FujiiS. KobayashiK. IwaokaH. NagayamaK. HaradaH. MaedaH. KishimotoR. IitsukaT. ItabashiN. FuruyaR. MaedaY. YamadaD. SasakiN. SasakiH. UedaS. KashiharaN. WatanabeS. NakamuraT. KanaiH. MakitaY. OnoK. IeharaN. GotoD. KosugeK. TsuchidaK. SatoT. SekikawaT. OkamotoH. TanakaT. IkedaN. TadikaT. MukasaK. OsonoiT. HiranoF. NishimuraM. YambeY. TanakaY. UjiharaM. SakaiT. ImuraM. UmayaharaY. MakinoS. NakazawaJ. YamaguchiY. KashineS. MiyaokaH. SuzukiK. InoueT. NagaiS. SatoN. YamamotoM. TayaN. FujitaA. MatsutaniA. ShibagakiY. SatoY. YamauchiA. TsutsuiM. IshikoT. KanekoS. AzumaN. MatsudaH. HashiguchiY. OnishiY. TokuiM. MatsuhisaM. KiyosueA. ShinodaJ. IshikawaK. AhmadG. VijayasinghamS. AzizN.A. HusseinZ. FungY.K. HassanW.H.H.W. WongH.S. GohB.L. AliN.M. MericanN.S.Y.A. VaithilingamI. Nik AhmadN.N.F. AdamN. SukorN. VengadasalamV.P.P. Abdul KadirK. MohamedM. Renoirte LopezK. Leguizamo-DimasA. Chew WongA. Chevaile-RamosJ. Gonzalez GonzalezJ. Rico HernandezR. Nino-CruzJ. Sauque ReynaL. Gonzalez-GalvezG. Madero RovaloM. Bochicchio-RicardelliT. AldreteJ. Carranza-MadrigalJ. VogtL. Smak GregoorP. BarendregtJ.N.M. LuikP. GansevoortR. LavermanG. PilmoreH. LuntH. BakerJ. MillerS. RabindranathK. Zapata-RinconL. Vargas-GonzalesR. Calderon TiconaJ. Dextre EspinozaA. Burga NunezJ. Zea-NunezC.A. Herrada OrueB. Medina-SantanderB. Delgado-ButronC. Farfan-AspilcuetaJ. MazurS. NeckiM. WrukM. KlodawskaK. PopendaG. SkokowskaE. ArciszewskaM. WiecekA. CiechanowskiK. NowickiM. BirneR. CabritaA. RamosA. Antunes FerreiraM.A. Matta FontanetE. Alcantara-GonzalezA.A. Comulada-RiveraA. Galindo RamosE. CangianoJ. Quesada-SuarezL. Calderon OrtizR. Vazquez-TanusJ. Burgos-CalderonR. RosadoC. HancuN. PintileiE. MistodieC. BakoG. IonutiuL. PetricaL. TimarR. TutaL. DumaL. TutescuA. IvanovaS. EssaianA. ZrazhevskiyK. TomilinaN. SmolyarchukE. KuzinA. LantsevaO. KarpovaI. ShamkhalovaM. LiberanskayaN. YavdosyukA. ShvartsY. BardymovaT. BlagoveshchenskayaO. SolovevO. RechkovaE. PikalovaN. PavlovaM. KolmakovaE. SayfutdinovR. VillevaldeS. KoziolovaN. MartynenkoV. MarasaevV. MaksudovaA. SigitovaO. MordovinV. KlimontovV. SamoylovaY. KaronovaT. YeohL.Y. TeoB.W. FooM.W.Y. LiewA. TkacI. OroszovaA. FeketeJ. RosenbergerJ. ObetkovaI. FulopovaA. KolesarovaE. RaslovaK. SmolkoP. OksaA. DistillerL. TrokisJ. AdamsL. MakanH. RamlachanP. MithaE. CoetzeeK. PuntZ. BhoratQ. NaikerP. EllisG. Van ZylL. LeeK.W. KimM.S. YooS-J. YoonK.H. ChoY-W. ParkT-S. KimS.Y. ChoiM-G. OhT.K. LeeK-W. ShonH.S. SuhS.H. KimB-J. Doo-ManK. YiJ.H. LeeS.A. ChoH.C. KimS-G. ChaD-R. SeoJ.A. ChoiK.M. WooJ-T. AhnK.J. LeeJ.H. KimI-J. LeeM-K. JangH.C. ParkK-S. KimB.S. MokJ.O. ShinM. YoonS.A. Nam-GoongI-S. ChungC.H. YuT.Y. LeeH.W. Soto GonzalezA. AlmirallJ. EgidoJ. Calero GonzalezF. Fernandez FresnedoG. Valera CortesI. Praga TerenteM. Garcia MendezI. Navarro GonzalezJ. Herrero CalvoJ. Cigarran GuldrisS. Prieto VelascoM. Minguela PesqueraJ.I. GalanA. PascualJ. Marques VidasM. Martins MunozJ. Rodriguez-PerezJ. Castro-AlonsoC. Bonet SolJ. SeronD. Fernandez GiraldezE. Arrieta LezamaJ. MonteroN. Hernandez-JarasJ. Santamaria OlmoR. Molas CotenJ.R. HellbergO. FellstromB. BockA. PeiD. LinC-L. TienK-J. ChenC-C. HuangC-N. JiangJ-Y. WuD-A. ChuC-H. TsengS-T. ChenJ-F. BauC-T. SheuW. WuM-S. SariR. SezerS. YildizA. SatmanI. KalenderB. MankovskyyB. FushteyI. StanislavchukM. KolenykM. DudarI. ZolotaikinaV. AbrahamovychO. KostynenkoT. PetrosyanO. KuskaloP. GalushchakO. LegunO. TopchiiI. MartynyukL. StryzhakV. PaninaS. TkachS. KorpachevV. MaxwellP. GnudiL. KonS.P. TindallH. KalraP. MarkP. PatelD. El-ShahawyM. BaiL. NicaR. LienY-H. MenefeeJ. BuschR. MillerA. AhmedA. ArifA. LeeJ. DesaiS. BansalS. BentsianovM. BelledonneM. JereC. GaonaR. GreenwoodG. BruscoO. BoiskinM. BeloD. MinasianR. AtrayN. LawrenceM. TaliercioJ. PergolaP. ScottD. AlvarezG. MarderB. PowellT. BakdashW. StoicaG. McFaddenC. RendellM. WiseJ. JonesA. JardulaM. MaduI-J. VargheseF. TullochB. AhmedZ. HamesM. NazeerI. ShahidN. JohnR. MonteroM. Fitz-PatrickD. PhillipsL. GuaschA. ChristofidesE. GundrooA. AminM. Bowman-StroudC. LinkM. MulloyL. NammourM. LalwaniT. HansonL. Whaley-ConnellA. HermanL. ChathaR. OsamaS. LissK. KayaliZ. BhargavaA. IsraelE. Peguero-RiveraA. FangM. SloverJ. BarengoltsE. FloresJ. MuonekeR. SavinV. Awua-LarbiS. LevineA. NewmanG. GolestanehL. BohmG. ReisinE. CruzL. WeissR. ZieveF. HorwitzE. ChuangP. MerseyJ. ManleyJ. GrafR. BedrosF. JoshiS. FriasJ. AssefiA. O’ShaughnessyA. BrantleyR. MingaT. TietjenD. KantorS. JamalA. GuadizR. HershonK. BresslerP. KopytN. CathcartH. BloomS. ReichelR. NakhleS. DuludeE. TarkanJ. BakerP. ZeigS. Moya HechevarriaJ. Ropero-CartierA. De la CalleG. DoshiA. SabaF. SlighT. ShawS. KumarJ. SzerlipH. BaylissG. PerlmanA. SakhraniL. GougeS. ArgoudG. AcostaI. ElderJ. JoshiS. SensenbrennerJ. VicksS. Mangoo-KarimR. GalphinC. Leon-ForeroC. GilbertJ. BrownE. IjazA. ButtS. MarkellM. Arauz-PachecoC. SloanL. AlvaradoO. JabbourS. SimonE. RastogiA. JamesS. BakrisG. HallK. MelishJ. DixonB. AdolpheA. KovesdyC. BeddhuS. SolomonR. FernandoR. LevinE. ThakarC. RobeyB. GoldfarbD. FriedL. MaddukuriG. ThomsonS. AnnandA. KronfliS. KaliraoP. SchmidtR. DahlN. BlumenthalS. WeinsteinD. OstergaardO. WeinsteinT. OnoY. YalcinM. KarimS. SONAR Committees and Investigators Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.Lancet2019393101841937194710.1016/S0140‑6736(19)30772‑X30995972
    [Google Scholar]
  26. OrtizA. Fernandez-FernandezB. Atrasentan: the difficult task of integrating endothelin a receptor antagonists into current treatment paradigm for diabetic kidney disease.Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.202116121775177810.2215/CJN.1360102134853063
    [Google Scholar]
  27. TrachtmanH. NelsonP. AdlerS. CampbellK.N. ChaudhuriA. DerebailV.K. GambaroG. GesualdoL. GipsonD.S. HoganJ. LiebermanK. MarderB. MeyersK.E. MustafaE. RadhakrishnanJ. SrivastavaT. StepaniansM. TesarV. ZhdanovaO. KomersR. DUET Study Group DUET: A phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of sparsentan in patients with FSGS.J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.201829112745275410.1681/ASN.201801009130361325
    [Google Scholar]
  28. DhaunN. MacIntyreI.M. KerrD. MelvilleV. JohnstonN.R. HaughieS. GoddardJ. WebbD.J. Selective endothelin-A receptor antagonism reduces proteinuria, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness in chronic proteinuric kidney disease.Hypertension201157477277910.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.16748621357275
    [Google Scholar]
  29. OhnishiA. OritaY. OkaharaR. FujiharaH. InoueT. YamamuraY. YabuuchiY. TanakaT. Potent aquaretic agent. A novel nonpeptide selective vasopressin 2 antagonist (OPC-31260) in men.J. Clin. Invest.19939262653265910.1172/JCI1168818254021
    [Google Scholar]
  30. NelsonJ.B. Endothelin receptor antagonists.World J. Urol.2005231192710.1007/s00345‑004‑0478‑915654644
    [Google Scholar]
  31. EnevoldsenF.C. SahanaJ. WehlandM. GrimmD. InfangerM. KrügerM. Endothelin receptor antagonists: Status quo and future perspectives for targeted therapy.J. Clin. Med.20209382410.3390/jcm903082432197449
    [Google Scholar]
  32. SchlaichM.P. BelletM. WeberM.A. DanaietashP. BakrisG.L. FlackJ.M. DreierR.F. Sassi-SayadiM. HaskellL.P. NarkiewiczK. WangJ.G. ReidC. SchlaichM. KatzI. AjaniA. BiswasS. EslerM. ElderG. RogerS. ColquhounD. MooneyJ. De BackerT. PersuA. ChaumontM. KrzesinskiJ-M. VanasscheT. GirardG. PliammL. SchiffrinE. MeraliF. DresserG. ValleeM. JollyS. ChowS. WangJ. MuJ. YuJ. YuanH. FengY. ZhangX. XieJ. LinL. SoucekM. WidimskyJ. CifkovaR. VaclavikJ. UllrychM. LukacM. RychlikI. Guldager LauridsenT. KantolaI. TaurioJ. UkkolaO. OrmezzanoO. GosseP. AziziM. CourandP-Y. DelsartP. TartiereJ.M. MahfoudF. SchmiederR. StegbauerJ. LurzP. KoziolekM. OttC. ToursarkissianN. TsioufisK. KyfnidisK. ManolisA. PatsilinakosS. ZebekakisP. KaravidasA. DenesP. BezzeghK. ZsomM. KovacsL. SharabiY. EliasM. SukholutskyI. YosefyC. KenisI. AtarS. VolpeM. Maria LorenzaM. TaddeiS. GrassiG. VeglioF. SonJ.W. KimJ-Y. ParkJ-I. LeeC.H. LeeH-Y. RaugalieneR. MarcinkevicieneJ.E. KavaliauskieneR. DeinumJ. KroonA. van den BornB-J. JanuszewiczA. TykarskiA. WalczewskaJ. GaciongZ. WiecekA. ChrostowskaM. KleinrokA. KrekoraJ. KaniaG. Podrazka-SzczepaniakA. GolawskiC. PodziewskiM. KaczmarekB. SkoczylasG. WilkolaskiA. WozniakI. Janik-PalazzoloM. RewerskaB. KonradiA. ShvartsY. PecherinaT. NikolaevK. LiudmilaG. OrlikovaO. MordovinV. PetrochenkovaN. KamalovG. KosmachevaE. NikolaevK. TyrenkoV. GorbunovV. ObrezanA. SupryadkinaT. LerI. KotenkoO. KuzinA. Martínez GarcíaF. RedonJ. OliverasA. Beltran RomeroL. ShatyloV. RudenkoL. BazylevychA. RudykY. KarpenkoO. StanislavchukM. TseluykoV. KushnirM. AsanovE. SirenkoY. YagenskyA. CollierD. GuptaP. WebbD. MacLeodM. McLayJ. PeaceA. AroraS. BuchananP. HarrisR. DegarmoR. GuillenM. KarnsA. NeutelJ. PaliwalY. PettisK. TothP.D. WayneJ.M. ButcherM.B. DillerP.M. OparilS. CalhounD. BrautigamD. FlackJ. GoldmanJ.M. RashidiA. AslamN. HaleyW. AndrawisN. LangB. MillerR. PowellJ. DewhurstR. PritchardJ. KhannaD. TangD. GabraN. ParkJ. JonesC. ScottC. LunaB. MussajiM. BhagwatR. BauerM. McGintyJ. NambiarR. SangrigoliR. DavisW.R. EavesW. McGrewF. AwadA. BolsterE. ScottD. KaliraoP. DabelP. CalhounW. GougeS. WarrenM. LawrenceM.K. JamalA. El-ShahawyM. MercadoC. KumarJ. Velasquez-MieyerP. BuschR. LewisT. RichL. PRECISION investigators Dual endothelin antagonist aprocitentan for resistant hypertension (PRECISION): A multicentre, blinded, randomised, parallel-group, phase 3 trial.Lancet2022400103671927193710.1016/S0140‑6736(22)02034‑736356632
    [Google Scholar]
  33. WenzelR.R. LittkeT. KuranoffS. JürgensC. BruckH. RitzE. PhilippT. MitchellA. SPP301 (Avosentan) Endothelin Antagonist Evaluation in Diabetic Nephropathy Study Investigators Avosentan reduces albumin excretion in diabetics with macroalbuminuria.J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.200920365566410.1681/ASN.200805048219144760
    [Google Scholar]
  34. WangY. ChenS. DuJ. Bosentan for treatment of pediatric idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: State-of-the-art.Front Pediatr.2019730210.3389/fped.2019.0030231396496
    [Google Scholar]
  35. LiangF. GlascockC.B. SchaferD.L. SandovalJ. CableL. MelvinL.Jr HartmanJ.C. PittsK.R. Darusentan is a potent inhibitor of endothelin signaling and function in both large and small arteries.Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.201088884084910.1139/Y10‑06120725142
    [Google Scholar]
  36. DavenportA.P. HyndmanK.A. DhaunN. SouthanC. KohanD.E. PollockJ.S. PollockD.M. WebbD.J. MaguireJ.J. Endothelin.Pharmacol. Rev.201668235741810.1124/pr.115.01183326956245
    [Google Scholar]
  37. ScottL.J. Sitaxentan.Drugs200767576177010.2165/00003495‑200767050‑0000717385944
    [Google Scholar]
  38. KomersR. DivaU. InrigJ.K. LoewenA. TrachtmanH. RoteW.E. Study design of the phase 3 sparsentan versus irbesartan (DUPLEX) study in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.Kidney Int. Rep.20205449450210.1016/j.ekir.2019.12.01732274453
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Martínez-DíazI. MartosN. Llorens-CebriàC. ÁlvarezF.J. BedardP.W. VergaraA. Jacobs-CacháC. SolerM.J. Endothelin receptor antagonists in kidney disease.Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023244342710.3390/ijms2404342736834836
    [Google Scholar]
  40. SternE.P. HostL.V. WanjikuI. EscottK.J. GilmourP.S. OchielR. UnwinR. BurnsA. OngV.H. CadiouH. O’KeeffeA.G. DentonC.P. Zibotentan in systemic sclerosis-associated chronic kidney disease: A phase II randomised placebo-controlled trial.Arthritis Res. Ther.202224113010.1186/s13075‑022‑02818‑635650639
    [Google Scholar]
  41. HeerspinkH.J.L. GreasleyP.J. AhlströmC. AlthageM. DwyerJ.P. LawG. WijkmarkE. LinM. MercierA.K. SunnåkerM. TurtonM. WheelerD.C. AmberyP. Efficacy and safety of zibotentan and dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: Study design and baseline characteristics of the ZENITH-CKD trial.Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.20233934142537632201
    [Google Scholar]
  42. ChebibF.T. DahlN.K. CKD risk stratification.J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.20243591146114810.1681/ASN.000000000000045539053619
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease.Kidney Int.20241054SS117S31438490803
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Kalantar-ZadehK. JoshiS. SchlueterR. CookeJ. Brown-TortoriciA. DonnellyM. SchulmanS. LauW.L. RheeC. StrejaE. TantisattamoE. FerreyA. HannaR. ChenJ. MalikS. NguyenD. CrowleyS. KovesdyC. Plant-dominant low-protein diet for conservative management of chronic kidney disease.Nutrients2020127193110.3390/nu1207193132610641
    [Google Scholar]
  45. ZhaY. QianQ. Protein nutrition and malnutrition in CKD and ESRD.Nutrients20179320810.3390/nu903020828264439
    [Google Scholar]
  46. CaldarelliM. FranzaL. RioP. GasbarriniA. GambassiG. CianciR. Gut-kidney-heart: A novel trilogy.Biomedicines20231111306310.3390/biomedicines1111306338002063
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128360091250117040009
Loading
/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/0113816128360091250117040009
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:
    Review Article
Keyword(s): CKD; cotadutide; ERAs; ESKD; osocimab; Runcacigua
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test