Skip to content
2000
Volume 26, Issue 15
  • ISSN: 1389-2010
  • E-ISSN: 1873-4316

Abstract

Introduction

Scientists around the world are focusing on ‘green,’ environment-friendly, and cost-effective green synthesis of nanometals using various plant extracts to combat various ailments. Among nanometals, Silver (Ag) is one of the most commercialised nano-materials due to its wide applications in biotechnology and biomedical fields. The present study reports the first facile synthesis, characterization, and process optimisation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) using aqueous leaf extract (Gt) as a reducing and surface functionalising agent.

Methods

Characterisation of Gt-mediated Ag-NPs was performed using FTIR. The morphology and microstructures of Gt-derived Ag-NPs were analysed using TEM and FE-SEM. antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH radicals, hydrogen peroxide radicals, and ferric ions. anticancer activity was assessed on MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines. hepatoprotective activity was tested against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats.

Results

FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction between Ag-NPs and Gt. The optimal conditions for Gt-derived Ag-NPs were found to be 4 mM AgNO, 5% Gt, at 90°C for 60 minutes, at pH 9. UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM revealed the phase formation, spherical morphology, and surface functionalisation of Gt-derived Ag-NPs, which were stable (-28.3 mV) with an average particle size of 14.5±0.05 nm. The Gt-derived Ag-NPs were found to be highly effective in significantly inhibiting DPPH radical, ferric ions, and hydroxyl radicals. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of Gt-derived Ag-NPs was more effective against MCF-7 cells compared to HepG2 cells. They also exhibited dose-dependent protection against hepatoprotective activity in albino rats.

Discussion

The hepatoprotective effects of Gt-mediated Ag-NPs likely result from the combined action of bioactive phytochemicals (such as α/β-amyrin, γ-lactones, betulin, and lupeol), and their ability to scavenge ROS, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate inflammatory pathways. These mechanisms, supported by reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant activity in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity, suggest their therapeutic potential in liver protection and regeneration.

Conclusion

Overall, Gt proves to be an eco-friendly and non-toxic source for synthesizing bioactive Ag-NPs at optimal conditions.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cpb/10.2174/0113892010385169250616044545
2025-07-02
2026-02-01

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cpb/10.2174/0113892010385169250616044545
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Silver nanoparticles protect acetaminophen induced acute hepatotoxicity: A biochemical and histopathological approach.Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.201790364110.1016/j.yrtph.2017.08.011 28827191
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Polysaccharide-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Sargassum siliquosum J.G. Agardh: Assessment of toxicity and hepatoprotective activity.OpenNano20161162410.1016/j.onano.2016.03.001
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Biogenic fabrication of silver nanoparticles using calotropis procera flower extract with enhanced biomimetics attributes.Materials20231611405810.3390/ma16114058 37297192
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Calotropis procera leaves: Unraveling biological and electrochemical potentials.Discov. Nano202419113910.1186/s11671‑024‑04090‑w 39227530
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Phyto-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aloe barbadensis Miller leaves gel with improved antibacterial, anti-fungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activities. Nano-Struct.Nano-Objects20244010136810.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101368
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Rising influence of nanotechnology in addressing oxidative stress-related liver disorders.Antioxidants2023127140510.3390/antiox12071405 37507944
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Molecular mechanism of nanomaterials induced liver injury: A review.World J. Hepatol.202416456660010.4254/wjh.v16.i4.566 38689743
     [Google Scholar]
  8. In vitro antioxidant and in vivo prophylactic effects of two γ-lactones isolated from Grewia tiliaefolia against hepatotoxicity in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.Eur. J. Pharmacol.20106311-3425210.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.034 20064503
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo safety profile of the Indian traditional medicinal plant Grewia tiliaefolia.Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.201573124124710.1016/j.yrtph.2015.07.011 26188119
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Protective effect of α- and β-amyrin, a triterpene mixture from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. trunk wood resin, against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice.J. Ethnopharmacol.2005981-210310810.1016/j.jep.2005.01.036 15763370
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Protection of betulin against cadmium-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells.Toxicology2006220111210.1016/j.tox.2005.08.025 16436312
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Lupeol protects against acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and cell death in rat primary hepatocytes.Food Chem. Toxicol.20125051781178910.1016/j.fct.2012.02.042 22406326
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Novel indolizine derivatives lowers blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A histopathological approach.Pharmacol. Rep.201971223324210.1016/j.pharep.2018.11.004 30807980
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Salazinic acid attenuates male sexual dysfunction and testicular oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats.RSC Advances20231319129911300510.1039/D3RA01542D 37124014
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Sekikaic acid modulates pancreatic β-cells in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats by inhibiting digestive enzymes.Nat. Prod. Res.202135235420542410.1080/14786419.2020.1775226 32498563
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Pambanolides A–C from the South Indian soft coral Sinularia inelegans.Tetrahedron201672161933194010.1016/j.tet.2016.02.056
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Biogenic synthesis, characterization, acute oral toxicity studies of synthesized Ag and ZnO nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Lawsonia inermis.Mater. Lett.2018211434710.1016/j.matlet.2017.09.082
     [Google Scholar]
  18. AST/ALT levels, MDA, and liver histopathology of Echinometra mathaei ethanol extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol.202132451151610.1515/jbcpp‑2020‑0420 34214304
     [Google Scholar]
  19. The green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the biological activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Leptadenia reticulata leaf extract.Appl. Nanosci.201551738110.1007/s13204‑014‑0293‑6
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cpb/10.2174/0113892010385169250616044545
Loading
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl Leaf Extract: Characterisation, Process Optimisation, and Hepatoprotective Activity Against Paracetamol-induced Liver Toxicity in Rats
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 26, 2492 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010385169250616044545
/content/journals/cpb/10.2174/0113892010385169250616044545
/content/journals/cpb/10.2174/0113892010385169250616044545
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material is available on the publisher’s website along with the published article.

file format download Download

  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): anticancer; antioxidant; Grewia tiliaefolia vahl; hepatoprotective; liver toxicity; paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity; silver nanoparticles

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test