Cesium and Aluminum Salts of Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid as Eco-Friendly and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts in Organic Synthesis: Some Recent Advances

In this review we have paid attention to cesium and aluminum salts of dodecatungstophosphoric acid as ecofriendly and efficient heterogeneous catalysts. The structural effect and also catalytic properties of exchanging Cs+ with protons in dodecatungstophosphoric acid is discussed. Using cesium and aluminum salts of dodecatungstophosphoric acid as efficient catalysts for Friedel-Crafts reactions such as acylation and alkylation of aromatic compounds, Fries, Claisen and pinacol rearrangements, esterification, amidation, ether formation, protection of thiols, alcohols and amines, conversion of aldehydes to their acylals, ring opening of epoxides, selective protection of one hydroxy group in diols, preparation of β-hydroxythioethers and regioselective bromination of aromatic compounds are discussed.