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image of A Facile and General Method for the Synthesis of N-Aryl/Heteroarylphthalimides, Bisphthalimides, and 1,8-Naphthalimides Utilizing Mandelic Acid as an Efficient Catalyst

Abstract

A simple and practical method has been developed for the synthesis of -aryl/heteroarylphthalimides, bisphthalimides, 1,8-naphthalimides, and related derivatives. This method involves the reaction of various primary amines with different anhydrides, such as phthalic anhydride and 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, in the presence of a catalytic amount of mandelic acid in aqueous ethanol under reflux conditions. The use of less toxic solvents, excellent yields, shorter reaction times, elimination of column chromatographic purifications, and low-cost and naturally occurring catalysts are some of the major advantages of this developed protocol.

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2025-06-16
2025-10-26

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A Facile and General Method for the Synthesis of N-Aryl/Heteroarylphthalimides, Bisphthalimides, and 1,8-Naphthalimides Utilizing Mandelic Acid as an Efficient Catalyst
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0113852728379343250526113411
/content/journals/coc/10.2174/0113852728379343250526113411
/content/journals/coc/10.2174/0113852728379343250526113411
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: column chromatography free ; Bioactive heterocycles ; mandelic acid ; naphthalimides ; bisphthalimides ; N-aryl/heteroarylphthalimides

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