Current Nanomaterials - Volume 11, Issue 1, 2026

The use of nano vesicular carriers has captured widespread attention from researchers across different disciplines. These nanovesicles are readily available, biocompatible, versatile, and stable, making them an appealing area of study. This review delves into an analysis of various trending nanovesicles such as aquasome, bilosome, cerosome, cubosome, enzymosome, ethosome, exosome, glycerosome, herbosome, hexosome, hyalurosome, invasome, liposome, marinosome, niosome, novasome, pharmacosome, phytosome, polymerosome, proniosome, sphingosome, spongosome, terpesome, ufasome, and virosome, and explores their applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and other industries. Additionally, it discusses patents, clinical trials, advantages and disadvantages of different nanovesicles, shedding light on how different ingredients affect the physicochemical characteristics of these nanovesicles. The review also emphasizes the manifold implications of nanovesicles, particularly in the context of chemotherapy and specific drug targeting.

Hyperpigmentation refers to a condition characterized by excessive skin pigmentation, leading to darkened areas on the skin. This condition can significantly affect physical appearance and have adverse effects on emotional and psychological well-being. The use of commercial skinlightening products for hyperpigmentation therapy often entails significant side effects, prompting the exploration and development of herbal products as alternative anti-hyperpigmentation agents. Herbs act as anti-hyperpigmentation agents through various mechanisms, including inhibiting the expression and activity of tyrosinase, as well as reducing the uptake and distribution of melanosomes. The advancement of nanoparticle delivery systems represents a significant stride in enhancing the efficacy of herbal compounds, overcoming the limitations associated with conventional phytochemical formulations. Herbal plants incorporated into nanoparticle delivery systems demonstrate superior activity as anti-hyperpigmentation agents compared to their conventional extract counterparts. Various nanoparticle formulations employed include zinc oxide and gold nanoparticles, nanovesicles, nanosponges, nanoliposomes, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC), and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN). This narrative review aims to explore natural ingredients, diverse nanoparticle formulations, and the impacts of nanoparticle delivery of herbs as anti-hyperpigmentation agents, drawing insights from both preclinical and clinical studies. This review is intended to provide a foundation for the future development of herbal nanoparticle delivery systems.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative syndrome defined by the deterioration of dopamine neurons, showing a loss of motor activity. The treatment of PD is still challenging despite the development of numerous management techniques. Blood-brain Barrier (BBB) provides limited access to drug transport, being a major limiting factor in the treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders. Further, the major challenges in neurodegenerative diseases are low bioavailability and side effects. Intranasal drug delivery has become increasingly accessible for the treatment of several CNS disorders, including PD. The nasal cavity has direct access to the brain and drugs may be delivered at the site of action by bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Therapeutic molecules could be directly delivered to the brain through the olfactory region in the nasal cavity; further, the first-pass effects of drugs could also be eliminated. Several novel and promising developments in non-invasive approaches have been revealed for brain targeting by the nasal route. Among them, Nanoemulsions (NEs)-based drug delivery has been most widely explored, which can assist in several significant issues, such as limited BBB permeability, limited solubility, poor bioavailability, limited onset of action, and less enzymatic degradation. Several research reports have indicated intranasal NEs to have potential brain-targeting abilities, which may be widely explored for the treatment of PD. Therefore, the present review article has focused on the current scenario of intranasal NEs for the management of PD, with recent outcomes outlined through various research studies.

One of the scientific areas with the highest growth right now is nanotechnology. The development of nanocosmetics through the use of nanoscale materials has become more popular in recent years. Due to distinct structures, chemical, physical, physiochemical, and functional properties - most of them are absent in their non-nanoscale forms - some nanomaterial types are extremely appealing for use in the cosmetics sector. Regardless of their kind, form, morphology, or content, nanomaterials have two primary purposes in cosmeceutical inventory (1): nano-constructs as (UV) filters, and (2) nanostructures as biologically active components for topical applications and other treatments associated with cosmeceuticals, such as moisturizers, skincare, makeup, sunscreen, and hair care products. As ultraviolet filters or ultraviolet protectants, various types of nanoparticles, such as silver, gold, titanium, and zinc, have been employed in the former scenario to hinder or to utilize UV radiation and shield the layer beneath the skin from damaging consequences. Nanoliposomes are the delivery systems used in the 2^nd concept usage. Therefore, next-generation cosmeceutical solutions for blossoming beauty that offer enhanced skin hydration, bioavailability, agent stability, and regulated UV occlusion have been highlighted as potentially becoming nanomaterial-loaded nanocosmetics. In light of the criticisms mentioned earlier and the potentialities of nanomaterials, we first examined the benefits of using nanoliposomes and nanoparticles as UV filters and delivery systems. The work's second split discusses the safety and legal implications of nanoparticles employed in compositions. Concluding remarks and suggestions for further study round out the work and enable material scientists to securely utilize nanoparticles in large-scale commercial goods.

Diabetes mellitus, a widespread metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, affects many people globally. The limitations of conventional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches necessitate exploring innovative strategies. Nanotechnology shows remarkable potential for revolutionizing the field of diabetes theranostics (combined diagnosis and treatment) by enabling accurate diagnosis and precise treatment delivery. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in nanomaterials for diagnosing and treating diabetes. It explores the applications of various nanomaterials, including inorganic and organic nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanostructured biosensors, in biomarker detection, glucose monitoring, insulin delivery, and addressing diabetes-related complications. The study focuses on the synthesis and functionalization of nanomaterials for diabetes, covering both traditional and environmentally friendly synthesis methods. This study looks into how nanomaterials can be used to carry natural antidiabetic extracts, recombinant insulin, and other antidiabetic drugs, to make them more bioavailable, targetable, and effective. However, the review also talks about the problems that come with using nanosensors to diagnose diabetes. It also looks at the newest developments in nanosensors for biomarker detection, implantable devices, and continuous glucose monitoring. Additionally, the review examines the potential of nanomaterials in the management of diabetic sequelae, including diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disorders, retinopathy, and wound healing. We underscore the significance of nanomaterials in islet transplantation, as they provide immunological protection and enhance the viability and efficacy of islets. This study provides useful insights into the prospects and challenges connected with the rapidly growing field of nanotechnology in diabetic theranostics through a comprehensive examination of the current landscape. Academics, clinicians, and stakeholders engaged in developing innovative nanomaterial-based approaches to accurately diagnose and effectively manage diabetes will find this resource highly helpful.