Skip to content
2000
Volume 11, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2405-4615
  • E-ISSN: 2405-4623

Abstract

Background

The development of facile, reliable, and sensitive electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection is of utmost importance in biomedical research.

Objectives

In this study, we proposed a novel approach for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using sparfloxacin as a reducing and stabilizing agent and further utilized as-prepared AuNPs for the construction of an electrochemical sensor to detect dopamine.

Methods

The synthesis of AuNPs was achieved through a simple method where sparfloxacin acted as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The AuNPs were investigated by using UV-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping (E-map), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Results

The synthesised AuNPs were used to develop an electrochemical sensor for the detection of dopamine molecules. The fabricated electrochemical sensor demonstrated remarkable sensitivity and selectivity toward dopamine sensing. This sensor exhibited a good linear detection of dopamine in micromolar concentrations. Moreover, the sensor showed excellent stability and reproducibility.

Conclusion

This novel electrochemical sensor holds significant potential for practical applications in neuroscience and clinical diagnosis, offering a rapid and sensitive method for dopamine detection. The utilization of sparfloxacin/AuNPs provides a promising avenue for the development of advanced electrochemical sensors with enhanced performance and wider applications in the detection of other neurotransmitters and biomolecules.

© 2026 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cnm/10.2174/0124054615305624240527101343
2024-05-31
2026-02-25

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cnm/10.2174/0124054615305624240527101343
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. SchultzW. Dopamine reward prediction-error signalling: A two-component response.Nat. Rev. Neurosci.201617318319510.1038/nrn.2015.26 26865020
     [Google Scholar]
  2. WiseR.A. Dopamine, learning and motivation.Nat. Rev. Neurosci.20045648349410.1038/nrn1406 15152198
     [Google Scholar]
  3. TritschN.X. SabatiniB.L. Dopaminergic modulation of synaptic transmission in cortex and striatum.Neuron2012761335010.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.023 23040805
     [Google Scholar]
  4. SalamoneJ.D. CorreaM. The mysterious motivational functions of mesolimbic dopamine.Neuron201276347048510.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.021 23141060
     [Google Scholar]
  5. BelujonP. GraceA.A. Dopamine system dysregulation in major depressive disorders.Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.201720121036104610.1093/ijnp/pyx056 29106542
     [Google Scholar]
  6. DotyA.C. WilsonA.D. ForseL.B. RischT.S. Assessment of the portable C-320 electronic nose for discrimination of nine insectivorous bat species: Implications for monitoring white-nose syndrome.Biosensors20201021210.3390/bios10020012 32069963
     [Google Scholar]
  7. TakahashiR. YasudaT. Ohmuro-MatsuyamaY. UedaH. BRET Q-body: A ratiometric quench-based bioluminescent immunosensor made of luciferase–dye–antibody fusion with enhanced response.Anal. Chem.202193217571757810.1021/acs.analchem.0c05217 34013723
     [Google Scholar]
  8. RasheedP.A. LeeJ.S. Recent advances in optical detection of dopamine using nanomaterials.Mikrochim. Acta201718451239126610.1007/s00604‑017‑2183‑6
     [Google Scholar]
  9. LuQ. ZhouS. LiB. Mesopore-rich carbon flakes derived from lotus leaves and it’s ultrahigh performance for supercapacitors.Electrochim. Acta202033313548110.1016/j.electacta.2019.135481
     [Google Scholar]
  10. MuruganN. JeromeR. PreethikaM. SundaramurthyA. SundramoorthyA.K. 2D-titanium carbide (MXene) based selective electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid.J. Mater. Sci. Technol.20217212213110.1016/j.jmst.2020.07.037
     [Google Scholar]
  11. DeviN.R. KumarT.H.V. SundramoorthyA.K. Electrochemically exfoliated carbon quantum dots modified electrodes for detection of dopamine neurotransmitter.J. Electrochem. Soc.201816512G3112G311910.1149/2.0191812jes
     [Google Scholar]
  12. MuruganR.V. MageshV. VijayalakshmiK. AtchudanR. AryaS. SundramoorthyA.K. Electrochemical sensing of Vitamin C using graphene/poly-thionine composite film modified electrode.Micro Nanosyst.2024161576410.2174/0118764029290865240209072023
     [Google Scholar]
  13. YusoffN. PandikumarA. RamarajR. LimH.N. HuangN.M. Gold nanoparticle based optical and electrochemical sensing of dopamine.Mikrochim. Acta201518213-142091211410.1007/s00604‑015‑1609‑2
     [Google Scholar]
  14. MageshV. KothariV.S. GanapathyD. Using sparfloxacin-capped gold nanoparticles to modify a screen-printed carbon electrode sensor for ethanol determination.Sensors20232319820110.3390/s23198201 37837031
     [Google Scholar]
  15. KamalasekaranK. MageshV. AtchudanR. AryaS. SundramoorthyA.K. Development of electrochemical sensor using iron (III) phthalocyanine/gold nanoparticle/graphene hybrid film for highly selective determination of nicotine in human salivary samples.Biosensors202313983910.3390/bios13090839
     [Google Scholar]
  16. NisarM. KhanS.A. GulM. RaufA. ZafarS. RamadanM.F. Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of sparfloxacin-mediated noble metal nanoparticles.J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.20201431789180010.22207/JPAM.14.3.17
     [Google Scholar]
  17. YeasminS. WuB. LiuY. UllahA. ChengL.J. Nano gold-doped molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for rapid and ultrasensitive cortisol detection.Biosens. Bioelectron.202220611414210.1016/j.bios.2022.114142 35259605
     [Google Scholar]
  18. ChooS.S. KangE.S. SongI. LeeD. ChoiJ.W. KimT.H. Electrochemical detection of dopamine using 3D porous graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle composites.Sensors201717486110.3390/s17040861 28420085
     [Google Scholar]
  19. FarooqS. de AraujoR.E. Engineering a localized surface plasmon resonance platform for molecular biosensing.Ozean J. Appl. Sci.20188312613910.4236/ojapps.2018.83010
     [Google Scholar]
  20. HaissW. ThanhN.T.K. AveyardJ. FernigD.G. Determination of size and concentration of gold nanoparticles from UV-vis spectra.Anal. Chem.200779114215422110.1021/ac0702084 17458937
     [Google Scholar]
  21. WilletsKA Van DuyneRP Localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and sensing.Annu Rev Phys Chem20075812679710.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104607 17067281
     [Google Scholar]
  22. TrivediM.K. Dahryn TrivediA.B. Khemraj BairwaH.S. Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic characterization of biofield treated salicylic acid and sparfloxacin.Nat. Prod. Chem. Res.20153518610.4172/2329‑6836.1000186
     [Google Scholar]
  23. KumarS.A. ChangY.T. WangS.F. LuH.C. Synthetic antibacterial agent assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles: Characterization and application studies.J. Phys. Chem. Solids201071101484149010.1016/j.jpcs.2010.07.015
     [Google Scholar]
  24. CuiX. LiuM. LiB. Homogeneous fluorescence-based immunoassay via inner filter effect of gold nanoparticles on fluorescence of CdTe quantum dots.Analyst2012137143293329910.1039/c2an35328h 22655288
     [Google Scholar]
  25. NgoV.K.T. NguyenH.P.U. HuynhT.P. TranN.N.P. LamQ.V. HuynhT.D. Preparation of gold nanoparticles by microwave heating and application of spectroscopy to study conjugate of gold nanoparticles with antibody E. coli O157:H7.Adv Nat Sci: Nanosci Nanotech20156303501510.1088/2043‑6262/6/3/035015
     [Google Scholar]
  26. SuvarnaS. DasU. KcS. Synthesis of a novel glucose capped gold nanoparticle as a better theranostic candidate.PLoS One2017126e017820210.1371/journal.pone.0178202 28582426
     [Google Scholar]
  27. SenthilkumarP. SurendranL. SudhagarB. Ranjith Santhosh KumarD.S. Facile green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from marine algae Gelidiella acerosa and evaluation of its biological Potential. SNApplied Sciences20191428410.1007/s42452‑019‑0284‑z
     [Google Scholar]
  28. NayemS.M.A. SultanaN. HaqueM.A. Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by using Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber extract and evaluation of their antibacterial activity.Molecules20202520477310.3390/molecules25204773 33080946
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Kamala NaliniS.P. VijayaraghavanK. Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using aloe Vera gel and determining its antimicrobial properties on nanoparticle impregnated cotton fabric.J Nanotechnol Res202023425010.26502/jnr.2688‑85210015
     [Google Scholar]
  30. ChenX. JiJ. ShiG. Formononetin in Radix hedysari extract-mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of ferrous ions in tap water.RSC Advances20201054328973290510.1039/D0RA05660J 35516523
     [Google Scholar]
  31. MzwdE. AhmedN.M. SuradiN. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles in Gum Arabic using pulsed laser ablation for CT imaging.Sci. Rep.20221211054910.1038/s41598‑022‑14339‑y 35732668
     [Google Scholar]
  32. RenX. SongY. LiuA. Experimental and theoretical studies of DMH as a complexing agent for a cyanide-free gold electroplating electrolyte.RSC Advances2015580649976500410.1039/C5RA13140E
     [Google Scholar]
  33. RajakumarG. GomathiT. Abdul RahumanA. Biosynthesis and biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles using Eclipta prostrata leaf extract.Appl. Sci.20166822210.3390/app6080222
     [Google Scholar]
  34. KrishnamurthyS. EsterleA. SharmaN.C. SahiS.V. Yucca-derived synthesis of gold nanomaterial and their catalytic potential.Nanoscale Res. Lett.20149162710.1186/1556‑276X‑9‑627 25489281
     [Google Scholar]
  35. ScholarE. Sparfloxacin.XPharm: The Comprehensive] Pharmacology Reference.Elsevier20071810.1016/B978‑008055232‑3.62650‑9
     [Google Scholar]
  36. SinghA. SharmaA. AhmedA. Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors: Applications, challenges, and future scope.Biosensors202111933610.3390/bios11090336 34562926
     [Google Scholar]
  37. MuruganP. NagarajanR.D. SundramoorthyA.K. Electrochemical detection of H2O2 using an activated glassy carbon electrode.ECS Sens Plus20221034401
     [Google Scholar]
  38. MuruganP. NagarajanR.D. ShettyB.H. GovindasamyM. SundramoorthyA.K. Recent trends in the applications of thermally] expanded graphite for energy storage and sensors – A review.Nanoscale Adv.20213226294630910.1039/D1NA00109D 36133482
     [Google Scholar]
  39. LeftheriotisG. PapaefthimiouS. YianoulisP. Dependence of the estimated diffusion coefficient of LixWO3 films on the scan rate of cyclic voltammetry experiments.Solid State Ion.20071783-425926310.1016/j.ssi.2006.12.019
     [Google Scholar]
  40. OpitzM. YueJ. WallauerJ. SmarslyB. RolingB. Mechanisms of charge storage in nanoparticulate TiO2 and Li4Ti5O12 anodes: New insights from scan rate-dependent cyclic voltammetry.Electrochim. Acta201516812513210.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.186
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cnm/10.2174/0124054615305624240527101343
Loading
Sparfloxacin/Gold Nanoparticles Modified Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Dopamine
Curr. Nanomater. 11, 84 (2026); https://doi.org/10.2174/0124054615305624240527101343
/content/journals/cnm/10.2174/0124054615305624240527101343
/content/journals/cnm/10.2174/0124054615305624240527101343
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): biomolecules; dopamine; electroanalysis; electrochemical sensors; gold nanoparticles; Sparfloxacin

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test