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- ISSN: 2405-4615
- E-ISSN: 2405-4623
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Pioglitazone Nanoparticles Development, Characterization, Optimization, and a Zebrafish Model Evaluation of its Teratogenic Safety
- Source: Current Nanomaterials, Volume 10, Issue 3, Sep 2025, p. 346 - 353
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- 19 May 2023
- 27 Sep 2023
- 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Background
New nanoparticles (NPs) and biomaterials are utilized more frequently in biological research for vaccinations, diagnostic procedures, and drug administration. Nanomaterials are materials with d50 value from 1 to 100 nm. They are also found in various consumer goods, the environment, and work. Thus, it has become crucial for the appropriate development of nanotechnology to assess the safety and potential therapeutic applications of these nanomaterials. The BCS Cass II medication pioglitazone hydrochloride, used to treat hypoglycaemia, has poor bioavailability after oral treatment because it dissolves poorly in gastrointestinal fluids.
Objective
This study aimed to create adjusted pioglitazone nanoparticles to decrease dose-related side effects and prolong its release when used against type 2 diabetes.
Methods
The emulsion solvent evaporation approach was used to create nanoparticles utilising HPMC K15M and Eudragit S100 as polymers, and Tween 80 as a surfactant. On framed nanoparticles, in-vitro evaluation approaches for drug-polymer compatibility, percentage yield, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, surface morphology, encapsulation effectiveness, and in-vitro drug release study were used, followed by in-vivo acute toxicity experiment.
Results
FTIR studies revealed there was no significant drug-polymer interaction. The percentage yield of all formulations was in the range of 58.02% to 79.03%. The particle size of the pioglitazone nanoparticles generated ranged from 158.12 ± 1.11 nm to 175.54 ± 2.25 nm whereas, the zeta potential ranges from -13.47 ± 2.11 to -19.71 ± 1.41 mV. The polydispersity index (PDI) of the nanoparticles formulations ranges from 0.31 ± 0.02 to 0.19 ± 0.02. SEM studies showed spherical nanoparticles with rough and porous surfaces. Pioglitazone nanoparticles encapsulation effectiveness ranged from 67.91% to 74.33%. The CDR of the optimized formulation was 95% in 10 hours in the phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The in-vivo study of pioglitazone nanoparticles on adult zebrafish showed no acute toxicity on them.
Conclusion
From the obtained data, it can be said that a suitable optimized formulation of pioglitazone nanoparticles was prepared, which offered extended drug release of 95% in 10 hours.
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