Obesity, Hypertension, and Kidney Dysfunction: Mechanical Links

Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal disorders, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), joint and muscle disorders, respiratory problems, and psychological problems that can significantly affect daily life. Hypertension affects more than a quarter of the adult population in developed countries, constituting an important health problem. In addition, its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Although hypertension is mostly seen in overweight and obese people, it is usually more difficult to control in obese people. It is well known that obesity is associated with the activation of both the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system, contributing to hypertension. Kidney dysfunction caused by obesity is a potential risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this review study is to investigate the mechanical links between obesity, hypertension, and kidney dysfunction.