Inflammatory Potential of Diet and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Case-control Study in the West of Iran

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer in worldwide and inflammatory reactions may be the major risk factors for it. Diet has a potential role in the running of inflammatory reactions. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a tool that can assess the inflammatory potential of a diet. Objective: Study of the effect of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and body composition on the risk of prostate cancer was the aim of this research. Methods: We assessed the ability of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) to predict prostate cancer in a case-control study conducted in Kermanshah, Iran in 2016. The study included 50 cases with primary prostate cancer and 150 healthy controls. Anthropometric indices were measured by Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA). The DII was computed based on the intake of 32 nutrients assessed using a 147-items food frequency questionnaire. The multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds ratio, with DII expressed as a dichotomous variable. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in body composition between case and control groups, but participants with DII > 0.80 had significant differences in BMI, LBM, SLM, MBF and TBW versus participant with DII ≤ 0.80. Also, men with higher DII scores were at increased risk of prostate cancer [OR: 1.77; 95% confidence interval 1.28-2.44] and categorical variable [OR DII>0.80 vs ≤ 0.80: 3.81; 95% confidence interval: 1.49-9.75]. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer and also can have the impact on body composition.