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2000
Volume 21, Issue 6
  • ISSN: 1573-4013
  • E-ISSN: 2212-3881

Abstract

Background

The search for effective antiviral therapies against the Coronaviridae family, particularly SARS-CoV-2, remains a critical priority. Baicalin and baicalein, natural flavonoid compounds, have shown promising antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in various experimental studies.

Methods

This systematic review, encompassing 25 total articles, analyzed the direct antiviral effects of these compounds against SARS-CoV-2, focusing on their inhibitory activity against key viral proteins.

Results

Baicalin and baicalein exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, primarily by targeting the main protease (3CLpro) and, to a lesser extent, other viral proteins like RdRp, PLpro, and the spike protein. Baicalein consistently demonstrates superior inhibitory activity with lower IC values and higher selectivity indices compared to baicalin. While the article highlights promising antiviral activity, it also notes that baicalein might be a promiscuous Mpro inhibitor and its efficacy may be influenced by the presence of reducing agents like DDT. While baicalein shows potential as a promising antiviral agent, further research is necessary to confirm its efficacy, optimize its pharmacokinetic properties, and fully understand its mechanisms of action.

Conclusion

Further investigation into the potential for off-target effects, particularly the observed renal toxicity, is also warranted.

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2025-09-04

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Direct Antiviral Effects of Baicalin and Baicalein against SARS-COV-2: A Systematic Review
Curr. Nutr. Food Sci. 21, 713 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734013366067250123113307
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PRISMA checklist is available as supplementary material on the publisher’s website along with the published article. Supplementary material is available on the publisher’s website along with the published article.

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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): antiviral; Baicalein; baicalin; bioactive compounds; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

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