Skip to content
2000
image of Exploring Buchanania lanzan: A Comprehensive Review of Phytoconstituents, Medicinal Properties, and Nanoformulations

Abstract

Introduction

(Chironji), a medicinal species of the family, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Its clinical use is limited due to low solubility, stability, and bioavailability.

Objective

To review the phytochemical profile, pharmacological activities, and nanoformulation strategies of to enhance its therapeutic potential.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for publications from 2010 to 2025 using keywords including “”, “Chironji”, “phytochemistry”, “pharmacological activity” and, “nanoformulation.” Only peer-reviewed articles in English directly pertaining to were included, with emphasis on studies from the past five years. Data on plant parts, extraction methods, phytochemicals, pharmacological effects, and nanoformulations were systematically collected and categorized.

Results

contains multiple bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, and essential oils. Nanoformulation techniques-such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, and solid lipid nanoparticles-were able to improve solubility, stability, absorption, and controlled release. These strategies can potentially address bioavailability limitations and expand the plant’s applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals.

Conclusion

Nanotechnology offers promising solutions to optimize the medicinal benefits of . Further research is required to establish clinical efficacy, standardize formulations, and enable large-scale production for broader therapeutic use.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873419262251007154506
2025-10-23
2025-12-06

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873419262251007154506
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Mondal M. Konar A. Halder S. Roy A. Dalal D.D. Ghosh P. An insight into the morphological, ethno medicinal, phytochemical and pharmaceutical properties of Buchanania lanzan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2024 12 1 11 17 10.22271/plants.2024.v12.i1a.1620
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Sumithra M. Chitra J. Anbu J. Srota Dawn S. Effect of total extract of Buchanania lanzan leaves against hepatocellular carcinoma in diethyl nitrosamine-induced mice tumor model. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res. 2013 5 4 1745 1753
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Patsnaik A.K. Kodati D. Pareta S.K. Patra K.C. Harwansh R.K. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. roots. Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2011 2 1 419 425
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Pešić M. Stanković S. Development of natural product drugs in a sustainable manner. Brief for United Nations Global Sustainable Development Report 2015 2015 1 4
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bauer A. Brönstrup M. Industrial natural product chemistry for drug discovery and development. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2014 31 1 35 60 10.1039/C3NP70058E 24142193
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Thakur A. Sharma V. Thakur A. Phytotoxins—A mini review. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2018 7 6 2705 2708
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Alamgir A.N. Medicinal, non-medicinal, biopesticides, color- and dye-yielding plants; secondary metabolites and drug principles; significance of medicinal plants; use of medicinal plants in the systems of traditional and complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) In: Therapeutic Use of Medicinal Plants and Their Ex-tracts: Volume 1 Progress in Drug Research. Cham: Springer 2017 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑63862‑1_3
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Akila Elias Sudhir. Iliger Iliger S. An updated review on phyto-pharmacological and pharmacognostical profile of Buchanania lanzan: A pharmacognostic miracle herb. Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Technol. 2021 8 6 298 310 10.32628/IJSRST218642
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kumar J. Vengaiah P.C. Srivastav P.P. Bhowmick P.K. Chironji nut (Buchanania lanzan) processing, present practices and scope. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl. 2012 11 1 202 204
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Siddiqui M.Z. Chowdhury A.R. Prasad N. Thomas M. Buchanania Lanzan: A species of enormous potentials. World J Pharm Sci 2014 2 4 374 379
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Samant S.S. Vidyarthi S. Pant S. Sharma P. Marpa S. Sharma P. Diversity, distribution, indigenous uses and conservation of the medicinal plants of Indian Himalayan region used in cancer. J. Biodivers. 2011 2 2 117 125 10.1080/09766901.2011.11884732
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Naseeb K.M. Karunakar H. Aamir S. Deepak T.K. Ashar K. Evaluation of antivenom activity of ethanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan bark against Naja kaouthia snake venom. Unique J Pharm Biol Sci 2014 2 39 45
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gandhi A. Dutta A. Pal A. Bakshi P. Recent trends of phytosomes for delivering herbal extract with improved bioavailability. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2012 1 4 6 14
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Kumar K. Rai A.K. Miraculous therapeutic effects of herbal drugs using novel drug delivery systems. Int Res J Pharm 2012 3 2 27 30
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Chakraborty K. Shivakumar A. Ramachandran S. Nano-technology in herbal medicines: A review. Int. J. Herb. Med. 2016 4 3 21 27 10.22271/flora.2016.v4.i3.05
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Anand A. Gautam P. Ojha S. Application of nanotechnology for herbal medicine development: A review. Lett. Drug Des. Discov. 2024 21 8 1325 1333 10.2174/1570180820666230308105723
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Khatoon N. Gupta R.K. Tyagi Y.K. Nutraceutical potential and phytochemical screening of Buchanania lanzan, an underutilized exotic Indian nut and its use as a source of functional food. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2014 5 5 87 94 10.13040/IJPSR.0975‑8232.5(5).1884‑91
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Chanda S.U. Bhayani D.I. Desai D.I. Polyphenols and flavonoids of twelve Indian medicinal plants. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2014 5 5 595 601 10.13040/IJPSR.0975‑8232.5(5).1884‑91
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Riya Kadia Smit Bhavsar, Nainesh Modi. A review on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Buchanania lanzan Sprang., Millettia peguenensis Ali., Evolvulus alsinoides L. Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Technol. 2023 10 5 409 420 10.32628/IJSRST52310558
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Siddiqui M.Z. Chowdhury A.R. Prasad N. Evaluation of phytochemicals, physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity in gum exudates of Buchanania lanzan. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 2016 86 4 817 822 10.1007/s40011‑015‑0539‑4
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Niratker C. Sailaja D. Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Buchanania lanzan (chironji) from Chhattisgarh. World J. Pharm. Res. 2014 3 9 514 522
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Prompanya C. Petchsomrit A. Vongsak B. Antioxidant evaluation and HPLC analysis of Buchanania lanzan and Buchanania siamensis leaf extracts. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 2023 27 6 2480 2486 10.29228/jrp.535
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Suryawanshi M. Patil V. Jadhav V. Biochemical composition, nutritional analysis and antioxidant activity of Buchanania lanzan Spreng fruits. Curr. Biot. 2021 12 180 10.25081/cb.2021.v12.6852
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Quesada-Granados J.J. Rufián-Henares J.Á. Chakradhari S. Sahu P.K. Sahu Y.K. Patel K.S. Comparative analysis of traditional oriental herbal fruits as potential sources of polyphenols and minerals for nutritional supplements. Molecules 2023 28 6 2682 10.3390/molecules28062682 36985653
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Banerjee S.W. Bandyopadhyay A.B. Buchanania lanzan Spreng: A veritable storehouse of phytomedicines. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 2015 8 5 18 22
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Panossian A. Wikman G. Effects of adaptogens on the central nervous system and the molecular mechanisms associated with their stress-protective activity. Pharmaceuticals 2010 3 1 188 224 10.3390/ph3010188 27713248
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Sahu S.N. Baitharu I. Sanwal N. Phytochemical and amino acid profiling and in-vivo assessment of neuroprotective properties of wild Chironji (Buchanania lanzan Spreng.) fruit kernel. SSRNSSRN 2023 5347201
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Patra K. Pareta S.K. Harwansh R.K. Kumar K.J. Anti-oxidant activity of Buchanania lanzan Spreg. F: Anacardiaceae. Pharmacologyonline 2011 1 733 739
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Mehmood A. Hamid I. Sharif A. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of seeds of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. in animal models. Acta Pol. Pharm. 2016 73 6 1601 1608 29634115
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Pekamwar S.S. Sonwane P.P. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Buchanania lanzan fruits. Ceylon J Sci 2025 54 2 559 571 10.4038/cjs.v54i2.8436
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Arega M. Nardos A. Debella A. Dereje B. Terefe L. Abebe A. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol extracts of Premna schimperi Engl (Lamiaceae) leaves in rats. J. Exp. Pharmacol. 2023 15 437 447 10.2147/JEP.S432615 38026230
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Sushma N. Smitha P.V. Gopal Y.V. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Buchanania lanzan Spreng methanol leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced types I and II diabetic rats. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 2013 12 2 221 226 10.4314/tjpr.v12i2.14
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Rai P.K. Sharma D.R. Sharma A. Buchanania lanzan is a pharmacognostic miracle herb. Res J Pharm Phytochem 2015 7 3 182 188 10.5958/0975‑4385.2015.00029.1
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Pattnaik A. Sarkar R. Sharma A. Pharmacological studies on Buchanania lanzan Spreng.-A focus on wound healing with particular reference to anti-biofilm properties. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2013 3 12 967 974 10.1016/S2221‑1691(13)60187‑2 24093788
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Pattnaik A. Mukherjee S. Sarkar R. Hydrogel formulation of Buchanania lanzan Spreng—A focus on rheological properties. Int J Drug Deliv Technol 2014 5 3 118 125 10.22270/ijddt.v5i3.7
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Mehta B.K. Pattnaik A. Kumar A. Enhancement and validation of wound healing activity with herbal gel formulated from sub-fraction of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2014 6 7 281 286
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Kodati D. Pareta S. Patra K.C. Antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. roots. Ann. Biol. Res. 2010 1 4 234 239
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Kodati D. Pareta S.K. Patnaik A. Antidiarrhoeal activity of alcoholic extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. roots. Pharmacologyonline 2010 3 720 726
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Sumithra M. Anbu J. Suganya S. Antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan against castor oil-induced diarrhoea. Int J Appl Pharm Biol Chem 2012 1 1 225 234
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Neelakanth M.J. Bhat M.R. Taranalli A.D. Veeresh B. Effect of Buchanania lanzan seeds on learning and memory in normal and memory deficit rats. J Res Pharm Biomed 2012 22 1 33 38
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Neeraj R. Bisht V. Purwar S. Chironji (Buchanania lanzan) wonder tree: Nutritional and therapeutic values. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci. 2020 9 2 3033 3042 10.20546/ijcmas.2020.902.349
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Jain R. Jain S.K. Effect of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. bark extract on cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2012 5 3 187 191 10.1016/S1995‑7645(12)60022‑4 22305782
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Mehta S.K. Mukherjee S. Jaiprakash B. Comparative anti-oxidant activity studies of Buchanania lanzan methanolic extract. Biomed. Pharmacol. J. 2015 2 2 441 444
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Venkata Smitha P. Ch M.M. Kandra P. Sravani R. Akondi R.B. Screening of antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of Acacia caesia, Dillenia pentagyna and Buchanania lanzan from Maredumilli forest of India. J. Pharm. Res. 2012 5 3 1734 1738
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Kumar A. Banjara R.A. Aneshwari R.K. Khan J. Bernarde P.S. A comprehensive review on recent advances in the use of ethnomedicinal plants and their metabolites in snake bite treatment. Front. Pharmacol. 2025 16 1548929 10.3389/fphar.2025.1548929 40196363
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Samy R.P. Gopalakrishnakone P. Chow V.T.K. Therapeutic application of natural inhibitors against snake venom phospholipase A2. Bioinformation 2012 8 1 48 57 10.6026/97320630008048 22359435
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Joshi H. Pagare M. Patil L. Kadam V. Cardioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats: A biochemical, electrocardiographic evaluation. Res J Pharm Technol 2012 5 2 263 266
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Goyal A. Kumar S. Nagpal M. Singh I. Arora S. Potential of novel drug delivery systems for herbal drugs. Indian J Pharm Educ Res 2011 45 3 225 235
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Singh R.P. Singh S.G. Naik H. Jain D. Bisla S. Herbal excipients in novel drug delivery system. Int J Compr Pharm 2011 2 1 7
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Yadav D. Suri S. Choudhary A.A. Sikender M. Hemant B.N. Beg N.M. Novel approach: Herbal remedies and natural products in pharmaceutical science as nano drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm Tech 2011 3 3 3092 3116 10.46692/ijpt.2011.v3i4.197
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Dahiya M. Yadav M. Kumar S. Chauhan S. Lamba D. GC-MS analysis and fabrication of nanoparticles of Buchanania lanzan oil for the anticancer activity. Res J Pharm Tech 2024 17 10 4699 4706 10.52711/0974‑360X.2024.00724
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Phuong N.T.N. Ha M.T. Nguyen D.X.T. Development and antioxidant evaluation of mango leaf (Mangifera indica L.) extract loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles. Front. Mater. 2024 11 1419697 10.3389/fmats.2024.1419697
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Khan Z.U. Khan T. Mannan A. Ali A. Ni J. In vitro and ex vivo evaluation of Mangifera indica L. extract-loaded green nanoparticles in topical emulsion against oxidative stress and aging. Biomedicines 2022 10 9 2266 10.3390/biomedicines10092266 36140367
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Encarnação S. De Mello-Sampayo C. Carrapiço B. Anacardium occidentale bark as an antidiabetic agent. Plants 2022 11 19 2637 10.3390/plants11192637 36235503
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Sunderam V. Thiyagarajan D. Lawrence A.V. Mohammed S.S.S. Selvaraj A. In-vitro antimicrobial and anticancer properties of green synthesized gold nanoparticles using Anacardium occidentale leaves extract. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2019 26 3 455 459 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.12.001 30899157
    [Google Scholar]
  56. Ansari S.H. Islam F. Sameem M. Influence of nanotechnology on herbal drugs: A Review. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res. 2012 3 3 142 146 10.4103/2231‑4040.101006 23057000
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Loureiro K.C. Jäger A. Pavlova E. Cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale) as a potential source for the production of tocopherol-loaded nanoparticles: Formulation, release profile and cytotoxicity. Appl. Sci. (Basel) 2021 11 18 8467 10.3390/app11188467
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Noreen S. Ehsan S. Ghumman S.A. Polymeric complex nanocarriers of Mangifera indica gum & chitosan for methotrexate delivery: Formulation, characterization, and in vitro toxicological assessment. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2023 88 105001 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.105001
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Lima R.A. de Souza S.L.X. Lima L.A. Antimicrobial effect of anacardic acid–loaded zein nanoparticles loaded on Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2020 51 4 1623 1630 10.1007/s42770‑020‑00320‑2 32562202
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Sahni J.K. Baboota S. Ali J. Promising role of nanopharmaceuticals in drug delivery. Pharm. Times 2011 43 10 16 18
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Mora-Huertas C.E. Fessi H. Elaissari A. Influence of process and formulation parameters on the formation of submicron particles by solvent displacement and emulsification–diffusion methods. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 163 2 90 122 10.1016/j.cis.2011.02.005 21376297
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Shrivastava J. Madhuri T.R. Shah A. Chromatographic profiling and cytotoxic studies of extracts of Buchanania lanzan Spreng and Albizia lebbeck Benth. Res J Pharm Tech 2024 17 1 103 108 10.52711/0974‑360X.2024.00016
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Purohit A. Sharma R. Shiv Ramakrishnan R. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng and evaluation of their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Bioinorg. Chem. Appl. 2022 2022 1 6825150 10.1155/2022/6825150 35308019
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Jemal K. Sandeep B.V. Pola S. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Allophylus serratus leaf and leaf-derived callus extracts mediated silver nanoparticles. J. Nanomater. 2017 2017 1 11 10.1155/2017/4213275
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Ahmad N. Sharma S. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts of Ananas comosus. Green Sust Chem 2012 2 4 141 147 10.4236/gsc.2012.24020
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Dhand V. Soumya L. Bharadwaj S. Chakra S. Bhatt D. Sreedhar B. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Coffea arabica seed extract and its antibacterial activity. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2016 58 36 43 10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.018 26478284
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Mehta B.K. Chhajlani M. Shrivastava B.D. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their characterization by XRD. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2017 836 1 012050 10.1088/1742‑6596/836/1/012050
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Salomoni R. Léo P. Rodrigues M.F.A. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Staphylococcus aureus and cytotoxicity effect in mammalian cells. In: Méndez-Vilas A, Ed. The Battle Against Microbial Pathogens: Basic Science, Technological Advances and Educational Programs. Méndez-Vilas A. Badajoz, Spain Formatex Research Centre 2015 851 857
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Aziz S. Abdulwahid R. Rasheed M. Abdullah O. Ahmed H. Polymer blending as a novel approach for tuning the SPR peaks of silver nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2017 9 10 486 10.3390/polym9100486 30965789
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Samajdar S. Kumar K.J. Structural characterization and emulsifying properties of a water-soluble Buchanania lanzan gum polysaccharide. Pharmacogn. Mag. 2022 18 78 371 378 10.4103/pm.pm_83_21
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Kumar M. Bishnoi R.S. Shukla A.K. Jain C.P. Techniques for formulation of nanoemulsion drug delivery system: A review. Prev. Nutr. Food Sci. 2019 24 3 225 234 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.3.225 31608247
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Li Q. Wang Z. Dai C. Physical stability and microstructure of rapeseed protein isolate/gum Arabic stabilized emulsions at alkaline pH. Food Hydrocoll. 2019 88 50 57 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.09.020
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Donsì F. Applications of nanoemulsions in foods. In: Jafari SM, McClements DJ, Eds. Nanoemulsions: Formulation, Applications, and Characterization. Jafari S.M. McClements D.J. Cambridge, MA Academic Press 2018 349 377 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑811838‑2.00011‑4
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Rehman F.U. Shah K.U. Shah S.U. Khan I.U. Khan G.M. Khan A. From nanoemulsions to self-nanoemulsions, with recent advances in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2017 14 11 1325 1340 10.1080/17425247.2016.1218462 27485144
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Gorain B. Choudhury H. Kundu A. Nanoemulsion strategy for olmesartan medoxomil improves oral absorption and extended antihypertensive activity in hypertensive rats. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2014 115 286 294 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.016 24388859
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873419262251007154506
Loading
Exploring Buchanania lanzan: A Comprehensive Review of Phytoconstituents, Medicinal Properties, and Nanoformulations
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873419262251007154506
/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873419262251007154506
/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873419262251007154506
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: phytoconstituents ; Buchanania lanzan ; nanoformulations ; nanotechnology ; NDDS ; nanoparticles

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test