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image of Advancements in Anti-Diabetic Therapy: A Review of Enhanced Efficacy and Bioavailability of Voglibose Nanoformulations

Abstract

The global incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is escalating, with projections indicating that 440 million individuals will be affected by 2030. T2DM accounts for 85-95% of all diabetes cases in affluent nations and an even higher proportion in less developed countries. This widespread disease is influenced by numerous factors including cultural shifts, aging populations, urbanization, dietary changes, reduced physical activity, and other unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Pathophysiologically, T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, increased hepatic glucose production, and decreased glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels. Management challenges such as suboptimal medication regimens, poor patient adherence, and inadequate treatment strategies contribute to the prevalence of diabetes-related complications. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GIs) like acarbose, voglibose, and miglitol, which primarily act in the gastrointestinal tract to reduce postprandial hyperglycaemia, have been identified as beneficial in managing these issues. Particularly, voglibose has shown superior efficacy and tolerance compared to other α-GIs. Despite their effectiveness, α-GIs are sometimes limited by gastrointestinal side effects, affecting long-term treatment adherence. Recent advancements in nanotechnology offer promising enhancements in the delivery and efficacy of these medications. Nano-formulations, ranging from 10 to 100 nm, can protect drugs from environmental degradation and improve bioavailability by optimizing the dissolution rate and increasing the saturation solubility of poorly soluble drugs. The development of nanoparticle formulations is emerging as a critical strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability of α-GIs, potentially revolutionizing T2DM management by improving drug absorption and minimizing side effects.

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2025-01-23
2025-10-19

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Advancements in Anti-Diabetic Therapy: A Review of Enhanced Efficacy and Bioavailability of Voglibose Nanoformulations
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0124681873337339250114074235
/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873337339250114074235
/content/journals/cnanom/10.2174/0124681873337339250114074235
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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keywords: nanotechnology ; insulin resistance ; alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ; drug delivery systems ; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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