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Abstract

Introduction

There is a need to search for new treatment options not only for depression but also for its concomitant diseases. Particularly, depression and metabolic health abnormalities often coexist, while inflammation and microbiota imbalance may play a part in their pathophysiological overlap. Thus, trials of interventions targeting the microbiota may result in establishing a safe adjunctive treatment option. This secondary analysis aimed to assess the effect of a probiotic formulation on inflammatory parameters in adult patients with depressive disorders depending on baseline clinical and immunometabolic characteristics.

Method

The parent trial was a two-arm, 60-day, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study. The probiotic formulation contained Rosell®-52 and Rosell®-175. The change in inflammatory parameters after the intervention in the context of baseline lifestyle, clinical, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters was assessed.

Results

In per-protocol analysis, data from 88 participants were finally analyzed. Probiotic supplementation decreased the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to placebo by 21.3% with a small effect size ( = .047, d = .249). There were no significant differences in complete blood count-derived parameters or in tumor necrosis factor-α levels. The impact of probiotics was different when stratified by baseline metabolic syndrome (MetS) presence, liver steatosis non-invasive biomarkers, chronic low-grade inflammation status, and antidepressant use.

Discussion

The intake of probiotics by people with depression may offer some improvement in lowering CRP levels, especially in patients with comorbid MetS, liver abnormalities, or the use of antidepressants. The future potential of probiotic supplementation in the management of depression seems to be targeted at individuals with comorbidities of metabolic diseases, particularly suspected liver steatosis. Furthermore, patients treated with antidepressants may gain additional advantages from probiotic use, not only in terms of alleviating depression, but also in decreasing inflammation.

Conclusion

Due to the preliminary character of our results, we emphasize the need for future studies in this area. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04756544.

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publishers.
This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
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Probiotics Decrease C-Reactive Protein Levels in Depression Depending on Metabolic Syndrome Presence or Antidepressant Treatment – Secondary Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X371175251002220658
/content/journals/cn/10.2174/011570159X371175251002220658
/content/journals/cn/10.2174/011570159X371175251002220658
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: C-reactive protein ; Depression ; probiotics ; antidepressants ; inflammation ; metabolic syndrome

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