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Abstract

Background

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition associated with high mortality and morbidity. However, targeted therapies that effectively improve patient outcomes remain limited. Exosomes play pivotal roles in intercellular communication and epigenetic regulation.

Objective

This study aimed to identify exosome-related differentially expressed genes (EXORDEGs) in whole blood associated with ARDS and to explore their potential mechanistic roles in the disease.

Methods

Two gene expression datasets (GSE32707 and GSE66890) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus for comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Analytical approaches included Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction network construction using the STRING database, and immune infiltration profiling single-sample gene set enrichment analysis in relation to hub genes.

Results

We identified 21 EXORDEGs, primarily enriched in biological processes such as endothelial cell development and apoptosis. Four hub genes—, , , and —were robustly associated with ARDS, with showing the most pronounced differential expression. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significant disparities in nine immune cell populations between ARDS and control samples.

Discussion

The results of this comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified four EXORDEGs——with important roles in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Conclusion

This study first systematically identified EXORDEGs in ARDS, discovering four hub genes and their associations with immune cells. The hub genes may be implicated in endothelial injury, inflammation, and immune dysregulation. These findings provide novel insights into ARDS pathogenesis and highlight potential therapeutic targets for further investigation. Given the disease heterogeneity, our findings primarily reflect common molecular characteristics, while the specific features of different etiological subtypes require further investigation.

© 2026 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publishers.
This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
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2026-01-08
2026-02-19

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/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673407035251122102639
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Identification and Immune Cell Profiling of Exosome-related Genes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0109298673407035251122102639
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673407035251122102639
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673407035251122102639
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: immune infiltration analysis ; bioinformatics analysis ; differentially expressed genes ; hub genes ; Acute lung injury ; extracellular vesicles

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