Skip to content
2000
Volume 33, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 0929-8673
  • E-ISSN: 1875-533X

Abstract

Background

Highly sensitive, accurate, and low-cost detection systems are gaining interest for early intervention in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-beta (Aβ), a peptide highly involved in the progression of AD, is found in abundance in patients with severe AD.

Objective

This research focused on developing an Aβ oligomer (AβO) biosensor using a single-walled carbon nanotube-modified (SWCN) interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensor.

Methods

The SWCN was functionalized onto the sensor surface through an amine linker, followed by the attachment of an aptamer-gold nanoparticle (GNP) complex, which was used to capture the AβO.

Results

The GNP-aptamer was saturated at 500 nM on the SWCN surface, and AβO was detected using a sandwich consisting of aptamer-AβO-antibody. The SWCN modification increased the number of aptamer attachment sites on the IDE, while the aptamer and antibody conjugation with GNP enhanced AβO interaction. This sandwich assay detected AβO at concentrations as low as 10 fM, with a linear regression coefficient (y = 2.9189x - 2.076; R2 = 0.9544). Furthermore, AβO-spiked artificial CSF was detected without interference, as confirmed by the increased current responses. No significant changes were recorded with control proteins, including α-synuclein, IgG antibody, and a complementary aptamer, indicating specific AβO detection.

Conclusion

This SWCN modified IDE-based sandwich detects AβO at its lower level and contributes to the early diagnosis of AD.

© 2026 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673363138250417001048
2025-05-07
2026-02-27

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673363138250417001048
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. KimT. Can gamma entrainment of the brain rhythms prevent or alleviate Alzheimer’s disease?J. Transl. Int. Med.20219423123310.2478/jtim‑2021‑004835136721
     [Google Scholar]
  2. WeiW. WangZ.Y. MaL.N. ZhangT.T. CaoY. LiH. MicroRNAs in Alzheimer’s disease: Function and potential applications as diagnostic biomarkers.Front. Mol. Neurosci.20201316010.3389/fnmol.2020.0016032973449
     [Google Scholar]
  3. ShtaiwiM. AljaarN. Al-NajjarL. MalakarC.C. ShtaiwiA. Abu-SiniM. Al-RefaiM. Design, synthesis, biological activity, and molecular modeling of novel spiroquinazoline derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for alzheimer disease.Polycycl. Aromat. Compd.20234398082809510.1080/10406638.2022.2144911
     [Google Scholar]
  4. CordesM. WszolekZ. BrückW. ZimnyA. SasiadekM. KuwertT. Neurodegeneration with dementia: From fundamentals of pathology to clinical imaging by MRI and SPECT.Curr. Med. Imaging Rev.201612425726810.2174/1573405612666160606105654
     [Google Scholar]
  5. MaX. WangX. XiaoY. ZhaoQ. Retinal examination modalities in the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease: Seeing brain through the eye.J. Transl. Int. Med.202210318518710.2478/jtim‑2021‑005336776234
     [Google Scholar]
  6. BaeJ.B. LeeS. JungW. ParkS. KimW. OhH. HanJ.W. KimG.E. KimJ.S. KimJ.H. KimK.W. Identification of Alzheimer’s disease using a convolutional neural network model based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.Sci. Rep.20201012225210.1038/s41598‑020‑79243‑933335244
     [Google Scholar]
  7. SunL. ZhongY. GuiJ. WangX. ZhuangX. WengJ. A hydrogel biosensor for high selective and sensitive detection of amyloid-beta oligomers.Int. J. Nanomedicine20181384385610.2147/IJN.S15216329467574
     [Google Scholar]
  8. SteinmanJ. OvcjakA. LuoZ. ZhangX. BrittoL.R. HendersonJ.T. SunH.S. FengZ.P. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channels in neurological disorders: Mechanisms and animal models.Adv. Neurol.202211310.36922/an.v1i1.3
     [Google Scholar]
  9. ZhouG. YinY. HuanX. ZhuangY. XuS. LiuJ. LiuS. DuanJ. The potential role of the brain–gut axis in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.J. Transl. Int. Med.2022102899110.2478/jtim‑2022‑001635959446
     [Google Scholar]
  10. QinH. GaoX. YangX. CaoW. LiuS. A label-free and signal-on electrochemiluminescence strategy for sensitive amyloid-beta assay.Biosens. Bioelectron.201914111143810.1016/j.bios.2019.11143831254862
     [Google Scholar]
  11. ManafikhiR. Bassam HaikM. LahdoR. AlQuoubailiF. Plasma amyloid β levels in Alzheimer’s disease and cognitively normal controls in Syrian population.Med. J. Islam. Repub. Iran2021351910.47176/mjiri.35.1933996670
     [Google Scholar]
  12. ZhouY. ZhangH. LiuL. LiC. ChangZ. ZhuX. YeB. XuM. Fabrication of an antibody-aptamer sandwich assay for electrochemical evaluation of levels of β-amyloid oligomers.Sci. Rep.2016613518610.1038/srep3518627725775
     [Google Scholar]
  13. WennmalmS. ChmyrovV. WidengrenJ. TjernbergL. Highly sensitive FRET-FCS detects amyloid β-peptide oligomers in solution at physiological concentrations.Anal. Chem.20158723117001170510.1021/acs.analchem.5b0263026489794
     [Google Scholar]
  14. VelosoA.J. ChowA.M. GaneshH.V.S. LiN. DharD. WuD.C.H. MikhaylichenkoS. BrownI.R. KermanK. Electrochemical immunosensors for effective evaluation of amyloid-beta modulators on oligomeric and fibrillar aggregation processes.Anal. Chem.201486104901490910.1021/ac500424t24784791
     [Google Scholar]
  15. HuangY. ZhangL. LiZ. GopinathS.C.B. ChenY. XiaoY. Aptamer–17β-estradiol–antibody sandwich ELISA for determination of gynecological endocrine function.Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.202168488188810.1002/bab.200833245588
     [Google Scholar]
  16. GopinathS.C.B. LakshmipriyaT. ChenY. PhangW.M. HashimU. Aptamer-based ‘point-of-care testing’.Biotechnol. Adv.201634319820810.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.00326876017
     [Google Scholar]
  17. LakshmipriyaT. GopinathS.C.B. Aptamer: A versatile probe in medical diagnosis.INNOSC Theranostics Pharmacol. Sci.201811141910.26689/itps.v1i1.511
     [Google Scholar]
  18. GengH. GopinathS.C.B. NiuW. Highly sensitive hepatitis B virus identification by antibody-aptamer sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.INNOSC Theranostics Pharmacol. Sci.20235171410.36922/itps.298
     [Google Scholar]
  19. YaoJ. LiS. ZhangL. YangY. GopinathS.C.B. LakshmipriyaT. ZhouY. Aptamer-antibody dual probes on single-walled carbon nanotube bridged dielectrode: Comparative analysis on human blood clotting factor.Int. J. Biol. Macromol.20201511133113810.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.15631743722
     [Google Scholar]
  20. WangF. GopinathS.C.B. LakshmipriyaT. Aptamer-antibody complementation on multiwalled carbon nanotube-gold transduced dielectrode surfaces to detect pandemic swine influenza virus.Int. J. Nanomedicine2019148469848110.2147/IJN.S21997631695375
     [Google Scholar]
  21. JoH.J. KangM.S. JangH.J. RajaI.S. LimD. KimB. HanD.-W. Advanced approaches with combination of 2D nanomaterials and 3D printing for exquisite neural tissue engineering.Mater. Sci. Addit. Manuf.202322062010.36922/msam.0620
     [Google Scholar]
  22. IversenM. MonishaM. AgarwalaS. Flexible, wearable and fully-printed smart patch for pH and hydration sensing in wounds.Int. J. Bioprint.20218144710.18063/ijb.v8i1.44735187277
     [Google Scholar]
  23. SarvariP. SarvariP. Advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery in cancer treatment.Global Transl. Med.20232039410.36922/gtm.0394
     [Google Scholar]
  24. GongB. ZhuangJ. JiW. ChenX. LiP. ChengW. ChuJ. LiangW. HeB. GaoJ. YinY. The long and the short of current nanomedicines for treating Alzheimer’s disease.J. Transl. Int. Med.202310429429610.2478/jtim‑2021‑005436860633
     [Google Scholar]
  25. QiuZ. ZhangX. JiaN. LiX. LiR. GopinathS.C.B. JiaoM. Zeolite nanomaterial-modified dielectrode oxide surface for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease by dual molecular probed impedance sensor.Turk Biyokim. Derg.202448666867410.1515/tjb‑2023‑0079
     [Google Scholar]
  26. KaymazS.V. NobarH.M. SarıgülH. SoylukanC. AkyüzL. YüceM. Nanomaterial surface modification toolkit: Principles, components, recipes, and applications.Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.202332210303510.1016/j.cis.2023.10303537931382
     [Google Scholar]
  27. LiM. SinghR. WangY. MarquesC. ZhangB. KumarS. Advances in novel nanomaterial-based optical fiber biosensors—a review.Biosensors2022121084310.3390/bios1210084336290980
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Wei-Wen HsiaoW. FadhilahG. LeeC.C. EndoR. LinY.J. AngelaS. KuC.C. ChangH.C. ChiangW.H. Nanomaterial-based biosensors for avian influenza virus: A new way forward.Talanta202326512489210.1016/j.talanta.2023.12489237451119
     [Google Scholar]
  29. XuK. MeshikX. NicholsB.M. ZakarE. DuttaM. StroscioM.A. Graphene- and aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor.Nanotechnology2014252020550110.1088/0957‑4484/25/20/20550124785149
     [Google Scholar]
  30. ParkC.S. YoonH. KwonO.S. Graphene-based nanoelectronic biosensors.J. Ind. Eng. Chem.201638132210.1016/j.jiec.2016.04.021
     [Google Scholar]
  31. LakshmipriyaT. HoriguchiY. NagasakiY. Co-immobilized poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyamines promote sensitivity and restrict biofouling on gold sensor surface for detecting factor IX in human plasma.Analyst (Lond.)2014139163977398510.1039/C4AN00168K24922332
     [Google Scholar]
  32. LakshmipriyaT. FujimakiM. GopinathS.C.B. AwazuK. HoriguchiY. NagasakiY. A high-performance waveguide-mode biosensor for detection of factor IX using PEG-based blocking agents to suppress non-specific binding and improve sensitivity.Analyst2013138102863287010.1039/c3an00298e23577343
     [Google Scholar]
  33. LuoJ. GopinathS.C.B. SubramaniamS. WuZ. Arthritis biosensing: Aptamer-antibody-mediated identification of biomarkers by ELISA.Process Biochem.202212139640210.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.022
     [Google Scholar]
  34. TsukakoshiK. AbeK. SodeK. IkebukuroK. Selection of DNA aptamers that recognize α-synuclein oligomers using a competitive screening method.Anal. Chem.201284135542554710.1021/ac300330g22697251
     [Google Scholar]
  35. AdamH. GopinathS.C.B. KumarevelT. ArshadM.K.M. AdamT. SauliZ. SubramaniamS. HashimU. ChenY. Selective detection of amyloid fibrils by a dipole moment mechanism on dielectrode – Structural insights by in silico analysis.Process Biochem.2023126233210.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.030
     [Google Scholar]
  36. GongB. ChengW. JiW. ChenX. ChuJ. LiangW. HeB. ZhuangJ. YinY. GaoJ. Hydrogel: A promising new technique for treating Alzheimer’s disease.J. Transl. Int. Med.202210318819010.2478/jtim‑2022‑000835702184
     [Google Scholar]
  37. ZhangJ. GopinathS.C.B. Quantification of cortisol for the medical diagnosis of multiple pregnancy-related diseases.3 Biotech2020103510.1007/s13205‑019‑2030‑z
     [Google Scholar]
  38. ZhangR. WangS. HuangX. YangY. FanH. YangF. LiJ. DongX. FengS. AnbuP. GopinathS.C.B. XinT. Gold-nanourchin seeded single-walled carbon nanotube on voltammetry sensor for diagnosing neurogenerative Parkinson’s disease.Anal. Chim. Acta2020109414215010.1016/j.aca.2019.10.01231761041
     [Google Scholar]
  39. AndreasenN. HesseC. DavidssonP. MinthonL. WallinA. WinbladB. VandersticheleH. VanmechelenE. BlennowK. Cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid(1-42) in Alzheimer disease: Differences between early- and late-onset Alzheimer disease and stability during the course of disease.Arch. Neurol.199956667368010.1001/archneur.56.6.67310369305
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673363138250417001048
Loading
Nanomaterial Enhances the Performance of Amyloid-beta Biosensing for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
Curr. Med. Chem. 33, 369 (2026); https://doi.org/10.2174/0109298673363138250417001048
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673363138250417001048
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673363138250417001048
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid-beta; biosensor; IgG antibody; interdigitated electrode; nanomaterial

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test