Skip to content
2000
Volume 33, Issue 4
  • ISSN: 0929-8673
  • E-ISSN: 1875-533X

Abstract

Background

Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis, yet its pan-cancer implications and mechanistic roles in tumor progression and immune modulation remain incompletely characterized. The clinical relevance of STC1 in predicting prognosis and its interaction with tumor immune microenvironment components requires systematic investigation.

Objective

This study aims to establish the pan-cancer prognostic significance of STC1 and elucidate its associations with immunological characteristics, including immune checkpoint proteins, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune cell infiltration. This study focuses specifically on validating its role in the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma (STAD).

Methods

Multi-omics analysis was performed using TCGA pan-cancer datasets and bioinformatics tools (UALCAN, cBioPortal, HPA, GTA). Experimental validation included multiplex fluorescence staining of STAD tissue microarrays (n=30) and Western blot analysis of STAD cell lines. Key parameters analyzed encompassed clinical outcomes, cancer stemness indices, neoantigen load, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signatures.

Results

Pan-cancer analysis revealed significant STC1 overexpression in 18/33 cancer types (54.5%), particularly in prostate adenocarcinoma (94% deep deletions). STC1 expression correlated with poor prognosis (HR=1.32, <0.01), elevated TMB (r=0.43), and MSI (r=0.38) across multiple malignancies. Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated a strong association with EMC (NES=2.18, FDR<0.001). In STAD, this study confirmed 3.7-fold protein overexpression (=0.008) and identified positive correlations with CD8+ T cell infiltration (r=0.62, =0.002) and CD4+ T cell infiltration (r=0.58, =0.004).

Conclusion

This multi-modal study establishes STC1 as a novel pan-oncogenic factor with dual roles in tumor progression ( EMT and stemness regulation) and immune microenvironment remodeling. The strong association with immune checkpoints (PD-L1, CTLA4) and T cell infiltration patterns positions STC1 as a promising immunotherapeutic target, particularly in STAD and MSI-high cancers. These findings provide mechanistic insights for developing STC1-directed therapeutic strategies.

© 2026 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673358794250531003706
2025-06-13
2026-02-23

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673358794250531003706
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. BrayF. LaversanneM. SungH. FerlayJ. SiegelR.L. SoerjomataramI. JemalA. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries.CA Cancer J. Clin.202474322926310.3322/caac.2183438572751
     [Google Scholar]
  2. JokhadzeN. DasA. DizonD.S. Global cancer statistics: A healthy population relies on population health.CA Cancer J. Clin.202474322422610.3322/caac.2183838572764
     [Google Scholar]
  3. SonkinD. ThomasA. TeicherB.A. Cancer treatments: Past, present, and future.Cancer Genet.2024286-287182410.1016/j.cancergen.2024.06.00238909530
     [Google Scholar]
  4. RibasA. WolchokJ.D. Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade.Science201835963821350135510.1126/science.aar406029567705
     [Google Scholar]
  5. TopalianS.L. DrakeC.G. PardollD.M. Immune checkpoint blockade: A common denominator approach to cancer therapy.Cancer Cell201527445046110.1016/j.ccell.2015.03.00125858804
     [Google Scholar]
  6. ZouW. WolchokJ.D. ChenL. PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-1 pathway blockade for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, response biomarkers, and combinations.Sci. Transl. Med.20168328328rv410.1126/scitranslmed.aad711826936508
     [Google Scholar]
  7. KalbasiA. RibasA. Tumour-intrinsic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade.Nat. Rev. Immunol.2020201253910.1038/s41577‑019‑0218‑431570880
     [Google Scholar]
  8. ZouW. Immunosuppressive networks in the tumour environment and their therapeutic relevance.Nat. Rev. Cancer20055426327410.1038/nrc158615776005
     [Google Scholar]
  9. BlumA. WangP. ZenklusenJ.C. SnapShot: TCGA-Analyzed Tumors.Cell2018173253010.1016/j.cell.2018.03.05929625059
     [Google Scholar]
  10. ChangA.C-M. JellinekD.A. ReddelR.R. Mammalian stanniocalcins and cancer.Endocr. Relat. Cancer200310335937310.1677/erc.0.010035914503913
     [Google Scholar]
  11. WestbergJ.A. SerlachiusM. LankilaP. PenkowaM. HidalgoJ. AnderssonL.C. Hypoxic preconditioning induces neuroprotective stanniocalcin-1 in brain via IL-6 signaling.Stroke20073831025103010.1161/01.STR.0000258113.67252.fa17272771
     [Google Scholar]
  12. ChangA.C.M. JanosiJ. HulsbeekM. de JongD. JeffreyK.J. NobleJ.R. ReddelR.R. A novel human cDNA highly homologous to the fish hormone stanniocalcin.Mol. Cell. Endocrinol.1995112224124710.1016/0303‑7207(95)03601‑37489828
     [Google Scholar]
  13. HasiloC.P. McCuddenC.R. GillespieJ.R.J. JamesK.A. HirviE.R. ZaidiD. WagnerG.F. Nuclear targeting of stanniocalcin to mammary gland alveolar cells during pregnancy and lactation.Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.20052894E634E64210.1152/ajpendo.00098.200516150955
     [Google Scholar]
  14. FilvaroffE.H. GuilletS. ZlotC. BaoM. IngleG. SteinmetzH. HoeffelJ. BuntingS. RossJ. CaranoR.A.D. Powell-BraxtonL. WagnerG.F. EckertR. GerritsenM.E. FrenchD.M. Stanniocalcin 1 alters muscle and bone structure and function in transgenic mice.Endocrinology200214393681369010.1210/en.2001‑21142412193584
     [Google Scholar]
  15. YoshikoY. MaedaN. AubinJ.E. Stanniocalcin 1 stimulates osteoblast differentiation in rat calvaria cell cultures.Endocrinology200314494134414310.1210/en.2003‑013012933688
     [Google Scholar]
  16. WelcshP.L. LeeM.K. Gonzalez-HernandezR.M. BlackD.J. MahadevappaM. SwisherE.M. WarringtonJ.A. KingM.C. BRCA1 transcriptionally regulates genes involved in breast tumorigenesis.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA200299117560756510.1073/pnas.06218179912032322
     [Google Scholar]
  17. WascherR.A. HuynhK.T. GiulianoA.E. HansenN.M. SingerF.R. ElashoffD. HoonD.S.B. Stanniocalcin-1: A novel molecular blood and bone marrow marker for human breast cancer.Clin. Cancer Res.2003941427143512684415
     [Google Scholar]
  18. LiuG. YangG. ChangB. Mercado-UribeI. HuangM. ZhengJ. BastR.C. LinS.H. LiuJ. Stanniocalcin 1 and ovarian tumorigenesis.J. Natl. Cancer Inst.20101021181282710.1093/jnci/djq12720484106
     [Google Scholar]
  19. HuangY. CaoG. WangH. WangQ. HouY. The expression and location of midkine in gastric carcinomas of Chinese patients.Cell. Mol. Immunol.20074213514017484808
     [Google Scholar]
  20. WangQ. HuangY. NiY. WangH. HouY. siRNA targeting midkine inhibits gastric cancer cells growth and induces apoptosis involved caspase-3,8,9 activation and mitochondrial depolarization.J. Biomed. Sci.200714678379510.1007/s11373‑007‑9192‑017665317
     [Google Scholar]
  21. GerritsenM.E. SorianoR. YangS. IngleG. ZlotC. ToyK. WinerJ. DraksharapuA. PealeF. WuT.D. WilliamsP.M. In silico data filtering to identify new angiogenesis targets from a large in vitro gene profiling data set.Physiol. Genomics2002101132010.1152/physiolgenomics.00035.200212118101
     [Google Scholar]
  22. YeungB.H.Y. LawA.Y.S. WongC.K.C. Evolution and roles of stanniocalcin.Mol. Cell. Endocrinol.2012349227228010.1016/j.mce.2011.11.00722115958
     [Google Scholar]
  23. LinH. KryczekI. LiS. GreenM.D. AliA. HamashaR. WeiS. VatanL. SzeligaW. GroveS. LiX. LiJ. WangW. YanY. ChoiJ.E. LiG. BianY. XuY. ZhouJ. YuJ. XiaH. WangW. AlvaA. ChinnaiyanA.M. CieslikM. ZouW. Stanniocalcin 1 is a phagocytosis checkpoint driving tumor immune resistance.Cancer Cell2021394480493.e610.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.02333513345
     [Google Scholar]
  24. FangZ. TianZ. LuoK. SongH. YiJ. Clinical significance of stanniocalcin expression in tissue and serum of gastric cancer patients.Chin. J. Cancer Res.201426560261025400427
     [Google Scholar]
  25. PengF. XuJ. CuiB. LiangQ. ZengS. HeB. ZouH. LiM. ZhaoH. MengY. ChenJ. LiuB. LvS. ChuP. AnF. WangZ. HuangJ. ZhanY. LiaoY. LuJ. XuL. ZhangJ. SunZ. LiZ. WangF. LamE.W.F. LiuQ. Oncogenic AURKA-enhanced N6-methyladenosine modification increases DROSHA mRNA stability to transactivate STC1 in breast cancer stem-like cells.Cell Res.202131334536110.1038/s41422‑020‑00397‑232859993
     [Google Scholar]
  26. QiM. PangJ. MitsiadesI. LaneA.A. RheinbayE. Loss of chromosome Y in primary tumors.Cell20231861431253136.e1110.1016/j.cell.2023.06.00637385248
     [Google Scholar]
  27. HärkönenJ. PölönenP. DeenA.J. SelvarajanI. TeppoH.R. DimovaE.Y. KietzmannT. AhtiainenM. VäyrynenJ.P. VäyrynenS.A. ElomaaH. TynkkynenN. EklundT. KuopioT. TalvitieE.M. TaimenP. KallajokiM. KaikkonenM.U. HeinäniemiM. LevonenA.L. A pan-cancer analysis shows immunoevasive characteristics in NRF2 hyperactive squamous malignancies.Redox Biol.20236110264410.1016/j.redox.2023.10264436867945
     [Google Scholar]
  28. LiT. FuJ. ZengZ. CohenD. LiJ. ChenQ. LiB. LiuX.S. TIMER2.0 for analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Nucleic Acids Res.202048W1W509W51410.1093/nar/gkaa40732442275
     [Google Scholar]
  29. EdwardsN.J. ObertiM. ThanguduR.R. CaiS. McGarveyP.B. JacobS. MadhavanS. KetchumK.A. The CPTAC data portal: A resource for cancer proteomics research.J. Proteome Res.20151462707271310.1021/pr501254j25873244
     [Google Scholar]
  30. ChandrashekarD.S. KarthikeyanS.K. KorlaP.K. PatelH. ShovonA.R. AtharM. NettoG.J. QinZ.S. KumarS. ManneU. CreightonC.J. VaramballyS. UALCAN: An update to the integrated cancer data analysis platform.Neoplasia202225182710.1016/j.neo.2022.01.00135078134
     [Google Scholar]
  31. TangZ. LiC. KangB. GaoG. LiC. ZhangZ. GEPIA: A web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses.Nucleic Acids Res.201745W1W98W10210.1093/nar/gkx24728407145
     [Google Scholar]
  32. ColwillK. GräslundS. A roadmap to generate renewable protein binders to the human proteome.Nat. Methods20118755155810.1038/nmeth.160721572409
     [Google Scholar]
  33. LánczkyA. GyőrffyB. (KMplot): Development and Implementation.J. Med. Internet Res.2021237e2763334309564
     [Google Scholar]
  34. GaoJ. AksoyB.A. DogrusozU. DresdnerG. GrossB. SumerS.O. SunY. JacobsenA. SinhaR. LarssonE. CeramiE. SanderC. SchultzN. Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal.Sci. Signal.20136269pl110.1126/scisignal.200408823550210
     [Google Scholar]
  35. YuanH. YanM. ZhangG. LiuW. DengC. LiaoG. XuL. LuoT. YanH. LongZ. ShiA. ZhaoT. XiaoY. LiX. CancerSEA: A cancer single-cell state atlas.Nucleic Acids Res.201947D1D900D90810.1093/nar/gky93930329142
     [Google Scholar]
  36. OughtredR. RustJ. ChangC. BreitkreutzB.J. StarkC. WillemsA. BoucherL. LeungG. KolasN. ZhangF. DolmaS. Coulombe-HuntingtonJ. Chatr-aryamontriA. DolinskiK. TyersM. The BioGRID database: A comprehensive biomedical resource of curated protein, genetic, and chemical interactions.Protein Sci.202130118720010.1002/pro.397833070389
     [Google Scholar]
  37. LeeV. MurphyA. LeD.T. DiazL.A.Jr. Mismatch repair deficiency and response to immune checkpoint blockade.Oncologist201621101200121110.1634/theoncologist.2016‑004627412392
     [Google Scholar]
  38. PengM. MoY. WangY. WuP. ZhangY. XiongF. GuoC. WuX. LiY. LiX. LiG. XiongW. ZengZ. Neoantigen vaccine: An emerging tumor immunotherapy.Mol. Cancer201918112810.1186/s12943‑019‑1055‑631443694
     [Google Scholar]
  39. SchumacherT.N. SchreiberR.D. Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy.Science20153486230697410.1126/science.aaa497125838375
     [Google Scholar]
  40. YarchoanM. HopkinsA. JaffeeE.M. Tumor mutational burden and response rate to PD-1 inhibition.N. Engl. J. Med.2017377252500250110.1056/NEJMc171344429262275
     [Google Scholar]
  41. LuoM. WangX. WuS. YangC. SuQ. HuangL. FuK. AnS. XieF. ToK.K.W. WangF. FuL. A20 promotes colorectal cancer immune evasion by upregulating STC1 expression to block “eat-me” signal.Signal Transduct. Target. Ther.20238131210.1038/s41392‑023‑01545‑x37607946
     [Google Scholar]
  42. ZhaoB.S. RoundtreeI.A. HeC. Post-transcriptional gene regulation by mRNA modifications.Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.2017181314210.1038/nrm.2016.13227808276
     [Google Scholar]
  43. YangH. WangY. XiangY. YadavT. OuyangJ. PhoonL. ZhuX. ShiY. ZouL. LanL. FMRP promotes transcription-coupled homologous recombination via facilitating TET1-mediated m5C RNA modification demethylation.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA202211912e211625111910.1073/pnas.211625111935290126
     [Google Scholar]
  44. AnY. DuanH. The role of m6A RNA methylation in cancer metabolism.Mol. Cancer20222111410.1186/s12943‑022‑01500‑435022030
     [Google Scholar]
  45. XiongY. WangQ. STC1 regulates glioblastoma migration and invasion via the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway.Mol. Med. Rep.20192043055306410.3892/mmr.2019.1057931432189
     [Google Scholar]
  46. ZhangL. YuX. ZhengL. ZhangY. LiY. FangQ. GaoR. KangB. ZhangQ. HuangJ.Y. KonnoH. GuoX. YeY. GaoS. WangS. HuX. RenX. ShenZ. OuyangW. ZhangZ. Lineage tracking reveals dynamic relationships of T cells in colorectal cancer.Nature2018564773526827210.1038/s41586‑018‑0694‑x30479382
     [Google Scholar]
  47. ZhangL. LiZ. SkrzypczynskaK.M. FangQ. ZhangW. O’BrienS.A. HeY. WangL. ZhangQ. KimA. GaoR. OrfJ. WangT. SawantD. KangJ. BhattD. LuD. LiC.M. RapaportA.S. PerezK. YeY. WangS. HuX. RenX. OuyangW. ShenZ. EgenJ.G. ZhangZ. YuX. Single-cell analyses inform mechanisms of myeloid-targeted therapies in colon cancer.Cell20201812442459.e2910.1016/j.cell.2020.03.04832302573
     [Google Scholar]
  48. TamuraS. OshimaT. YoshiharaK. KanazawaA. YamadaT. InagakiD. SatoT. YamamotoN. ShiozawaM. MorinagaS. AkaikeM. KunisakiC. TanakaK. MasudaM. ImadaT. Clinical significance of STC1 gene expression in patients with colorectal cancer.Anticancer Res.201131132532921273618
     [Google Scholar]
  49. ChangA.C.M. DohertyJ. HuschtschaL.I. RedversR. RestallC. ReddelR.R. AndersonR.L. STC1 expression is associated with tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer.Clin. Exp. Metastasis2015321152710.1007/s10585‑014‑9687‑925391215
     [Google Scholar]
  50. WangY. QiZ. ZhouM. YangW. HuR. LiG. MaX. ZhangZ. Stanniocalcin-1 promotes cell proliferation, chemoresistance and metastasis in hypoxic gastric cancer cells via Bcl-2.Oncol. Rep.20194131998200810.3892/or.2019.698030747219
     [Google Scholar]
  51. LinF. LiX. WangX. SunH. WangZ. WangX. Stanniocalcin 1 promotes metastasis, lipid metabolism and cisplatin chemoresistance via the FOXC2/ITGB6 signaling axis in ovarian cancer.J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res.202241112910.1186/s13046‑022‑02315‑335392966
     [Google Scholar]
  52. LiR. LiuR. WuS. ZhengS. YeL. ShaoY. Prognostic value of STC1 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis.Biomarkers Med.202216425326310.2217/bmm‑2021‑083535176895
     [Google Scholar]
  53. ShirakawaM. FujiwaraY. SugitaY. MoonJ.H. TakiguchiS. NakajimaK. MiyataH. YamasakiM. MoriM. DokiY. Assessment of stanniocalcin-1 as a prognostic marker in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Oncol. Rep.201227494094610.3892/or.2011.160722200953
     [Google Scholar]
  54. SongH. XuB. YiJ. Clinical significance of stanniocalcin-1 detected in peripheral blood and bone marrow of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res.20123113510.1186/1756‑9966‑31‑3522537917
     [Google Scholar]
  55. ZhouH. LiY.Y. ZhangW.Q. LinD. ZhangW.M. DongW.D. Expression of stanniocalcin-1 and stanniocalcin-2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and correlations with clinical and pathological parameters.PLoS One201494e9546610.1371/journal.pone.009546624743310
     [Google Scholar]
  56. SobotkaR. CapounO. HanusT. ZimaT. KalousovaM. SoukupV. The importance of serum osteopontin and stanniocalcin-1 in renal cell carcinoma.Neoplasma201865695896410.4149/neo_2018_171123N75929940774
     [Google Scholar]
  57. SakataJ. SasayamaT. TanakaK. NagashimaH. NakadaM. TanakaH. HashimotoN. KagawaN. KinoshitaM. NakamizoS. MaeyamaM. NishiharaM. HosodaK. KohmuraE. MicroRNA regulating stanniocalcin-1 is a metastasis and dissemination promoting factor in glioblastoma.J. Neurooncol.2019142224125110.1007/s11060‑019‑03113‑230701354
     [Google Scholar]
  58. ChanK.K.S. LeungC.O.N. WongC.C.L. HoD.W.H. ChokK.S.H. LaiC.L. NgI.O.L. LoR.C.L. Secretory Stanniocalcin 1 promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through activation of JNK signaling pathway.Cancer Lett.201740333033810.1016/j.canlet.2017.06.03428688970
     [Google Scholar]
  59. SuJ. GuoB. ZhangT. WangK. LiX. LiangG. Stanniocalcin-1, a new biomarker of glioma progression, is associated with prognosis of patients.Tumour Biol.20153686333633910.1007/s13277‑015‑3319‑025783529
     [Google Scholar]
  60. LuoW. ChenD. WangH. HuJ. Stanniocalcin 1 is a prognostic biomarker in glioma.Oncol. Lett.20202032248225610.3892/ol.2020.1179232782542
     [Google Scholar]
  61. BrantleyK.D. KjærsgaardA. Cronin-FentonD. YacoubR. NielsenA.S. LauridsenK.L. Hamilton-DutoitS. LashT.L. Stanniocalcin expression as a predictor of late breast cancer recurrence.Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.201827665365910.1158/1055‑9965.EPI‑17‑090529593009
     [Google Scholar]
  62. DevarakondaS. RotoloF. TsaoM.S. LancI. BrambillaE. MasoodA. OlaussenK.A. FultonR. SakashitaS. McLeer-FlorinA. DingK. Le TeuffG. ShepherdF.A. PignonJ.P. GrazianoS.L. KratzkeR. SoriaJ.C. SeymourL. GovindanR. MichielsS. Tumor mutation burden as a biomarker in resected non–small-cell lung cancer.J. Clin. Oncol.201836302995300610.1200/JCO.2018.78.196330106638
     [Google Scholar]
  63. SteuerC.E. RamalingamS.S. Tumor mutation burden: Leading immunotherapy to the era of precision medicine?J. Clin. Oncol.201836763163210.1200/JCO.2017.76.877029337637
     [Google Scholar]
  64. LeeD.W. HanS.W. BaeJ.M. JangH. HanH. KimH. BangD. JeongS.Y. ParkK.J. KangG.H. KimT.Y. Tumor mutation burden and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer treated with adjuvant fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin.Clin. Cancer Res.201925206141614710.1158/1078‑0432.CCR‑19‑110531285374
     [Google Scholar]
  65. BolandC.R. GoelA. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer.Gastroenterology2010138620732087.e310.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.06420420947
     [Google Scholar]
  66. SamsteinR.M. LeeC.H. ShoushtariA.N. HellmannM.D. ShenR. JanjigianY.Y. BarronD.A. ZehirA. JordanE.J. OmuroA. KaleyT.J. KendallS.M. MotzerR.J. HakimiA.A. VossM.H. RussoP. RosenbergJ. IyerG. BochnerB.H. BajorinD.F. Al-AhmadieH.A. ChaftJ.E. RudinC.M. RielyG.J. BaxiS. HoA.L. WongR.J. PfisterD.G. WolchokJ.D. BarkerC.A. GutinP.H. BrennanC.W. TabarV. MellinghoffI.K. DeAngelisL.M. AriyanC.E. LeeN. TapW.D. GounderM.M. D’AngeloS.P. SaltzL. StadlerZ.K. ScherH.I. BaselgaJ. RazaviP. KlebanoffC.A. YaegerR. SegalN.H. KuG.Y. DeMatteoR.P. LadanyiM. RizviN.A. BergerM.F. RiazN. SolitD.B. ChanT.A. MorrisL.G.T. Tumor mutational load predicts survival after immunotherapy across multiple cancer types.Nat. Genet.201951220220610.1038/s41588‑018‑0312‑830643254
     [Google Scholar]
  67. GryfeR. KimH. HsiehE.T.K. AronsonM.D. HolowatyE.J. BullS.B. RedstonM. GallingerS. Tumor microsatellite instability and clinical outcome in young patients with colorectal cancer.N. Engl. J. Med.20003422697710.1056/NEJM20000113342020110631274
     [Google Scholar]
  68. CaoY. NishiharaR. QianZ.R. SongM. MimaK. InamuraK. NowakJ.A. DrewD.A. LochheadP. NoshoK. MorikawaT. ZhangX. WuK. WangM. GarrettW.S. GiovannucciE.L. FuchsC.S. ChanA.T. OginoS. Regular aspirin use associates with lower risk of colorectal cancers with low numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.Gastroenterology20161515879892.e410.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.03027475305
     [Google Scholar]
  69. AzimiF. ScolyerR.A. RumchevaP. MoncrieffM. MuraliR. McCarthyS.W. SawR.P. ThompsonJ.F. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte grade is an independent predictor of sentinel lymph node status and survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma.J. Clin. Oncol.201230212678268310.1200/JCO.2011.37.853922711850
     [Google Scholar]
  70. XuC. LiS. ChenH. ChiL. WangX. HeM. WangQ. ZhangX. LinY. XueF. Integrative analysis of recurrence related gene signature and STC1 in colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis.J. Cancer202415206724673910.7150/jca.10260539668832
     [Google Scholar]
  71. DuY.Z. GuX.H. ChengS.F. LiL. LiuH. HuL.P. GaoF. The oncogenetic role of stanniocalcin 1 in lung adenocarcinoma: A promising serum candidate biomarker for tracking lung adenocarcinoma progression.Tumour Biol.20163745633564410.1007/s13277‑015‑4431‑x26577859
     [Google Scholar]
  72. HeL. WangT. GaoQ. ZhaoG. HuangY. YuL. HouY. Stanniocalcin-1 promotes tumor angiogenesis through up-regulation of VEGF in gastric cancer cells.J. Biomed. Sci.20111813910.1186/1423‑0127‑18‑3921672207
     [Google Scholar]
  73. HuangJ. LiH. RenG. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drug resistance in breast cancer (Review).Int. J. Oncol.201547384084810.3892/ijo.2015.308426202679
     [Google Scholar]
  74. LiL. LiW. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human cancer: Comprehensive reprogramming of metabolism, epigenetics, and differentiation.Pharmacol. Ther.2015150334610.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.00425595324
     [Google Scholar]
  75. MaX. GuL. LiH. GaoY. LiX. ShenD. GongH. LiS. NiuS. ZhangY. FanY. HuangQ. LyuX. ZhangX. Hypoxia-induced overexpression of stanniocalcin-1 is associated with the metastasis of early stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma.J. Transl. Med.20151315610.1186/s12967‑015‑0421‑425740019
     [Google Scholar]
  76. MuraiR. TanakaM. TakahashiY. KuribayashiK. KobayashiD. WatanabeN. Stanniocalcin-1 promotes metastasis in a human breast cancer cell line through activation of PI3K.Clin. Exp. Metastasis201431778779410.1007/s10585‑014‑9668‑z25056605
     [Google Scholar]
  77. LiuH. WengJ. A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in glioma.Gene202282214632510.1016/j.gene.2022.14632535183683
     [Google Scholar]
  78. LiuH. WengJ. HuangC.L.H. JacksonA.P. Is the voltage-gated sodium channel β3 subunit (SCN3B) a biomarker for glioma?Funct. Integr. Genomics202424516210.1007/s10142‑024‑01443‑739289188
     [Google Scholar]
  79. LiY. LiuH. Clinical powers of Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase Complex Interacting Multifunctional Protein 1 (AIMP1) for head-neck squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer Biomark.202234335937410.3233/CBM‑21034035068446
     [Google Scholar]
  80. LiuH. Expression and potential immune involvement of cuproptosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.Cancer Genet.2023274-275212510.1016/j.cancergen.2023.03.00236963335
     [Google Scholar]
  81. LiuH. WengJ. A pan-cancer bioinformatic analysis of RAD51 regarding the values for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic prediction.Front. Oncol.20221285875610.3389/fonc.2022.85875635359409
     [Google Scholar]
  82. LiuH. TangT. Pan-cancer genetic analysis of cuproptosis and copper metabolism-related gene set.Front. Oncol.20221295229010.3389/fonc.2022.95229036276096
     [Google Scholar]
  83. LiuH. TangT. Pan-cancer genetic analysis of disulfidptosis-related gene set.Cancer Genet.2023278-2799110310.1016/j.cancergen.2023.10.00137879141
     [Google Scholar]
  84. LiuH. Pan-cancer profiles of the cuproptosis gene set.Am. J. Cancer Res.20221284074408136119826
     [Google Scholar]
  85. LiuH. DilgerJ.P. LinJ. A pan-cancer-bioinformatic-based literature review of TRPM7 in cancers.Pharmacol. Ther.202224010830210.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.10830236332746
     [Google Scholar]
  86. LiuH. WengJ. HuangC.L.H. JacksonA.P. Voltage- gated sodium channels in cancers.Biomark. Res.20241217010.1186/s40364‑024‑00620‑x39060933
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673358794250531003706
Loading
Systematic Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Oncogenic and Immunological Function of Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1)
Curr. Med. Chem. 33, 789 (2026); https://doi.org/10.2174/0109298673358794250531003706
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673358794250531003706
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673358794250531003706
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material is available on the publisher’s website along with the published article.

file format download Download

  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): immune infiltration; immunotherapy; pan-cancer; prognosis; STC1; stomach adenocarcinoma

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test