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image of The Pre-metastatic Niche-related Index Reveals the Immune Signature and Immunotherapy Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Background

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in lung cancer patients. Pre-metastatic niche (PMN) plays an important role in pre-metastatic tumors. However, the development of clinical applications of PMN is still limited.

Methods

Expression data for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and PMN-related genes were downloaded from the UCSC Xena website and GeneCards database, respectively. Multiple combinations based on machine learning algorithms were used to screen signature genes and construct a PMN-associated index. Spearman analysis explored the correlation between the PMN-associated index and immune cell infiltration. In addition, we analyzed the clinical value of the PMN-associated index based on drug sensitivity analysis and TIDE scores.

Results

The enrichment analyses suggested that PMN-related genes were mainly enriched in the PI3K-Akt and HIF-1 signaling pathways. We chose random survival forest, Lasso, and multivariate Cox regression analyses to construct the PMN-associated index based on the results of multiple machine learning algorithms. Six signature genes (SNAI2, CXCR4, TNFSF11, ENG, TIMP1, and PDGFB) were screened to construct the PMN-associated index. KM analysis suggested that the survival probability was greater in the low PMN-associated index group than in the high PMN-associated index group. In addition, we confirmed that LUAD patients with a low PMN-associated index were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy.

Conclusion

We confirmed that the PMN-associated index is a valid predictor of prognosis, immune characteristics, and antitumor therapy efficacy in LUAD patients, which provides additional evidence for the potential clinical value of PMN development.

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2025-04-29
2025-09-09

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The Pre-metastatic Niche-related Index Reveals the Immune Signature and Immunotherapy Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0109298673354164250414003620
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673354164250414003620
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673354164250414003620
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: tumor microenvironment ; immune cell infiltration ; prognosis ; lung adenocarcinoma ; Pre-metastatic niche ; CXCR4

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