Skip to content
2000
image of New Advancements in Prognostic Biomarkers for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Abstract

As research on upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has deepened, the value of biomarkers in the prognostic evaluation of UTUC has been gradually highlighted. As a high-grade epithelial tumor derived from the renal pelvis or ureter, UTUC has a significant prognostic challenge to patients, given its high invasiveness and recurrence rate for the formation of post-operative bladder cancer. To better predict the recurrence and metastasis risk of UTUC, this article provides a comprehensive review of hematologic, urologic, genetic, and histologic biomarker studies on the prognostic assessment of UTUC. This study covers a broad range of different kinds of biomarkers, as shown in the graphical abstract. By systematically analyzing these biomarkers, we will have a better understanding of the biological features of UTUC, and it will provide more comprehensive and accurate information for its prognostic assessment. This will not only help clinicians develop more precise treatment strategies, but also provide patients with more personalized rehabilitation recommendations.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673339558250123110322
2025-02-07
2025-09-04
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Siegel R.L. Miller K.D. Fuchs H.E. Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2021 71 1 7 33 10.3322/caac.21654 33433946
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Lughezzani G. Burger M. Margulis V. Matin S.F. Novara G. Roupret M. Shariat S.F. Wood C.G. Zigeuner R. Prognostic factors in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas: A comprehensive review of the current literature. Eur. Urol. 2012 62 1 100 114 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.02.030 22381168
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Rouprêt M. Seisen T. Birtle A.J. Capoun O. Compérat E.M. Escrig D.J.L. Andersson G.I. Liedberg F. Mariappan P. Mostafid H.A. Pradere B. Rhijn V.B.W.G. Shariat S.F. Rai B.P. Soria F. Soukup V. Wood R.G. Xylinas E.N. Lecomte M.A. Gontero P. European association of urology guidelines on upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: 2023 update. Eur. Urol. 2023 84 1 49 64 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.03.013 36967359
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Raman J.D. Messer J. Sielatycki J.A. Hollenbeak C.S. Incidence and survival of patients with carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis in the USA, 1973–2005. BJU Int. 2011 107 7 1059 1064 10.1111/j.1464‑410X.2010.09675.x 20825397
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Raman J.D. Scherr D.S. Management of patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. Nat. Clin. Pract. Urol. 2007 4 8 432 443 10.1038/ncpuro0875 17673914
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Krajewski W. Łaszkiewicz J. Nowak Ł. Szydełko T. Current methods facilitating diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A comprehensive literature review. Curr. Opin. Urol. 2023 33 3 230 238 10.1097/MOU.0000000000001078 36727755
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Zhang B. Yu W. Zhou L.Q. He Z.S. Shen C. He Q. Li J. Liu L.B. Wang C. Chen X.Y. Fan Y. Hu S. Zhang L. Han W.K. Jin J. Prognostic significance of preoperative albumin-globulin ratio in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. PLoS One 2015 10 12 e0144961 10.1371/journal.pone.0144961 26681341
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gregory A.D. Houghton M.A. Tumor-associated neutrophils: New targets for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 2011 71 7 2411 2416 10.1158/0008‑5472.CAN‑10‑2583 21427354
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Tanaka N. Kikuchi E. Kanao K. Matsumoto K. Shirotake S. Miyazaki Y. Kobayashi H. Kaneko G. Hagiwara M. Ide H. Obata J. Hoshino K. Hayakawa N. Kosaka T. Hara S. Oyama M. Momma T. Nakajima Y. Jinzaki M. Oya M. A multi-institutional validation of the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2014 21 12 4041 4048 10.1245/s10434‑014‑3830‑3 24912614
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Nishihara K. Suekane S. Ueda K. Nakiri M. Matsuo M. Igawa T. High postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a poor prognostic marker in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Oncol. Lett. 2019 17 6 5241 5250 10.3892/ol.2019.10178 31186740
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kishimoto N. Takao T. Kuribayashi S. Yamamichi G. Nakano K. Kawamura M. Tsutahara K. Tanigawa G. Yamaguchi S. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of intravesical recurrence in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 2017 22 1 153 158 10.1007/s10147‑016‑1040‑7 27614622
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Sung H.H. Jeon G.H. Jeong B.C. Seo S.I. Jeon S.S. Choi H.Y. Lee H.M. Clinical significance of prognosis using the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int. 2015 115 4 587 594 10.1111/bju.12846 24947340
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Zhao Z. Xie S. Feng B. Zhang S. Sun Y. Guo H. Yang R. Preoperative risk classification using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albumin for upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Cancer Manag. Res. 2020 12 9023 9032 10.2147/CMAR.S274332 33061597
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Jan H.C. Hu C.Y. Yang W.H. Ou C.H. Combination of platelet-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio as a new promising prognostic factor in upper tract urothelial carcinoma with large tumor sizes > 3 cm. Clin. Genitourin. Cancer 2020 18 4 e484 e500 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.12.008 32199741
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Son S. Hwang E.C. Jung S.I. Kwon D.D. Choi S.H. Kwon T.G. Noh J.H. Kim M.K. Seo I.Y. Kim C.S. Kang S.G. Cheon J. Ha H.K. Jeong C.W. Ku J.H. Kwak C. Kim H.H. Prognostic value of preoperative systemic inflammation markers in localized upper tract urothelial cell carcinoma: A large, multicenter cohort analysis. Minerva Urol. Nephrol. 2018 70 3 300 309 10.23736/S0393‑2249.18.02914‑4 29381018
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Tillett W.S. Francis T. Jr. Serological reactions in pneumonia with a non-protein somatic fraction of pneumococcus. J. Exp. Med. 1930 52 4 561 571 10.1084/jem.52.4.561 19869788
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mahmoud F.A. Rivera N.I. The role of C-reactive protein as a prognostic indicator in advanced cancer. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 2002 4 3 250 255 10.1007/s11912‑002‑0023‑1 11937016
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Obata J. Kikuchi E. Tanaka N. Matsumoto K. Hayakawa N. Ide H. Miyajima A. Nakagawa K. Oya M. C-reactive protein: A biomarker of survival in patients with localized upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Urol. Oncol. 2013 31 8 1725 1730 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.05.008 23141922
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Aziz A. Rink M. Gakis G. Kluth L.A. Dechet C. Miller F. Otto W. Gierth M. Denzinger S. Schwentner C. Stenzl A. Fisch M. Burger M. Fritsche H.M. Preoperative C-reactive protein in the serum: A prognostic biomarker for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Urol. Int. 2014 93 3 352 360 10.1159/000362248 25138778
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Stein B. Schrader A.J. Wegener G. Seidel C. Kuczyk M.A. Steffens S. Preoperative serum C- reactive protein: A prognostic marker in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2013 13 1 101 10.1186/1471‑2407‑13‑101 23497335
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Egger V. Hutterer G.C. Mischinger J. Seles M. Pichler R. Mannweiler S. Huber K. Balihodzic A. Spiegelberg J. Bauernhofer T. Ahyai S. Zigeuner R. Pichler M. Barth D.A. Preoperative fibrinogen/CRP score predicts survival in upper urothelial tract carcinoma patients undergoing radical curative surgery. World J. Urol. 2023 41 5 1359 1364 10.1007/s00345‑023‑04379‑y 37024555
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Tanaka N. Kikuchi E. Kanao K. Matsumoto K. Shirotake S. Miyazaki Y. Kobayashi H. Kaneko G. Hagiwara M. Ide H. Obata J. Hoshino K. Hayakawa N. Kosaka T. Hara S. Nakagawa K. Jinzaki M. Oya M. Impact of combined use of blood-based inflammatory markers on patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma following radical nephroureterectomy: Proposal of a cumulative marker score as a novel predictive tool for prognosis. Eur. Urol. Focus 2015 1 1 54 63 10.1016/j.euf.2015.02.001 28723357
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Wilbraham B.C.A. Tazzyman S. Marshall J.M. Lewis C.E. Fibrinogen E-fragment inhibits the migration and tubule formation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Cancer Res. 2000 60 17 4719 4724 10987275
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Lee S.Y. Park L.O. Suk S.H. Role of fibrinogen covalently associated with cell membrane in blood-borne lung tumor colony formation of murine mammary carcinoma cells. Oncology 2000 59 3 238 244 10.1159/000012167 11053992
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Liu R. Zhou X. Zou L. Chen Q. Hu Y. Hu J. Wu X. Jiang H. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of preoperative plasma fibrinogen level in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: A retrospective tumor marker prognostic study. Int. J. Surg. 2019 65 88 93 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.03.022 30951871
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Cheng Y.C. Huang C.N. Wu W.J. Li C.C. Ke H.L. Li W.M. Tu H.P. Li C.F. Chang L.L. Yeh H.C. The prognostic significance of inflammation-associated blood cell markers in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2016 23 1 343 351 10.1245/s10434‑015‑4781‑z 26242371
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Xu H. Tan P. Ai J. Huang Y. Lin T. Yang L. Wei Q. Prognostic impact of preoperative albumin–globulin ratio on oncologic outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Clin. Genitourin. Cancer 2018 16 5 e1059 e1068 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.06.003 29980449
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Huang J. Wang Y. Yuan Y. Chen Y. Kong W. Chen H. Zhang J. Huang Y. Preoperative serum pre-albumin as an independent prognostic indicator in patients with localized upper tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy. Oncotarget 2017 8 22 36772 36779 10.18632/oncotarget.13694 27906675
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Tan P. Xie N. Ai J. Xu H. Xu H. Liu L. Yang L. Wei Q. The prognostic significance of Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Sci. Rep. 2018 8 1 12311 10.1038/s41598‑018‑29833‑5 30120312
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Su Y.C. Wen S.C. Li C.C. Su H.C. Ke H.L. Li W.M. Lee H.Y. Li C.Y. Yang S.F. Tu H.P. Wu W.J. Yeh H.C. Low hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Biomedicines 2021 9 6 672 10.3390/biomedicines9060672 34208273
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Fan B. Huang Y. Wen S. Teng Q. Yang X. Sun M. Chen T. Huang Y. Wang Y. Liu Z. Predictive value of preoperative positive urine cytology for development of bladder cancer after nephroureterectomy in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: A prognostic nomogram based on a retrospective multicenter cohort study and systematic meta-analysis. Front. Oncol. 2021 11 731318 10.3389/fonc.2021.731318 34660295
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Bianchi C. Donadio C. Tramonti G. Consani C. Lorusso P. Rossi G. Reappraisal of serum β2-microglobulin as marker of GFR. Ren. Fail. 2001 23 3-4 419 429 10.1081/JDI‑100104725 11499557
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Yokoyama E Furuya S Kumamoto Y. Clinical evaluation on quantitation of serum and urinary beta2-microglobulin, especially as an index of renal tubular function (author's transl). Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1977 68 4 323 36 10.5980/jpnjurol1928.68.4_323
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Han J.H. Jeong S. Kim S.H. Yuk H.D. Jeong C.W. Kwak C. Ku J.H. Increased urinary B2-microglobulin is associated with poor prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Front. Oncol. 2022 12 1008763 10.3389/fonc.2022.1008763 36303834
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Ide H. Kikuchi E. Hagiwara M. Hayakawa N. Hongo H. Miyajima A. Oya M. Urinary pH levels are strongly associated with bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients with a smoking history. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2016 23 S5 1029 1038 10.1245/s10434‑016‑5555‑y 27613550
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Han J.H. Jeong S. Yuk H.D. Jeong C.W. Kwak C. Ku J.H. Acidic urine is associated with poor prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Front. Oncol. 2022 11 817781 10.3389/fonc.2021.817781 35141155
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Ke C. Hu Z. Yang C. UroVysionTM fluorescence in situ hybridization in urological cancers: A narrative review and future perspectives. Cancers 2022 14 21 5423 10.3390/cancers14215423 36358841
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Guan B. Du Y. Su X. Cao Z. Li Y. Zhan Y. Peng D. Xiong G. Fang D. Ding Y. He S. Gong Y. He Q. Li X. Zhou L. Positive urinary fluorescence in situ hybridization indicates poor prognosis in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018 9 18 14652 14660 10.18632/oncotarget.24007 29581871
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Clement P.M.J. Johansson H.E. Wolff E.C. Park M.H. Differential expression of eIF5A-1 and eIF5A-2 in human cancer cells. FEBS J. 2006 273 6 1102 1114 10.1111/j.1742‑4658.2006.05135.x 16519677
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Chen W. Luo J.H. Hua W.F. Zhou F.J. Lin M.C. Kung H.F. Zeng Y.X. Guan X.Y. Xie D. Overexpression of EIF-5A2 is an independent predictor of outcome in patients of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2009 18 2 400 408 10.1158/1055‑9965.EPI‑08‑0754 19155439
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Luo J.H. Hua W.F. Rao H.L. Liao Y.J. Kung H.F. Zeng Y.X. Guan X.Y. Chen W. Xie D. Overexpression of EIF-5A2 predicts tumor recurrence and progression in pTa/pT1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Sci. 2009 100 5 896 902 10.1111/j.1349‑7006.2009.01126.x 19298601
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Wei J-H. Cao J-Z. Zhang D. Liao B. Zhong W-M. Lu J. Zhao H-W. Zhang J-X. Tong Z-T. Fan S. Liang C-Z. Liao Y-B. Pang J. Wu R-H. Fang Y. Chen Z-H. Li B. Xie D. Chen W. Luo J-H. EIF5A2 predicts outcome in localised invasive bladder cancer and promotes bladder cancer cell aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo. Br. J. Cancer 2014 110 7 1767 1777 10.1038/bjc.2014.52 24504366
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Fang Y. Cen J.J. Cao J.Z. Huang Y. Feng Z.H. Lu J. Wei J.H. Chen Z.H. Liang Y.P. Liao B. Luo J.H. Chen W. Overexpression of EIF5A2 in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is a new independent prognostic marker of survival. Future Oncol. 2019 15 17 2009 2018 10.2217/fon‑2018‑0748 30931608
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Huang Y. Wei J. Fang Y. Chen Z. Cen J. Feng Z. Lu J. Liang Y. Luo J. Chen W. Prognostic value of AIB1 and EIF5A2 in intravesical recurrence after surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Manag. Res. 2018 10 6997 7011 10.2147/CMAR.S185392 30588104
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Huang Y. Cen J. Wei J. Chen Z. Fang Y. Feng Z. Lu J. Liang Y. Luo J. Mo C. Chen W. Impact of AIB1 expression on the prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy. Cancer Biomark. 2019 25 2 151 160 10.3233/CBM‑182020 31045512
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Aveta A. Cilio S. Contieri R. Spena G. Napolitano L. Manfredi C. Franco A. Crocerossa F. Cerrato C. Ferro M. Giudice D.F. Verze P. Lasorsa F. Salonia A. Nair R. Walz J. Lucarelli G. Pandolfo S.D. Urinary microRNAs as biomarkers of urological cancers: A systematic review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023 24 13 10846 10.3390/ijms241310846 37446024
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Izquierdo L. Torres I.M. Mallofré C. Lozano J.J. Crinquette V.M. Leroy X. Colin P. Comperat E. Roupret M. Alcaraz A. Mengual L. Prognostic value of microRNA expression pattern in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int. 2014 113 5 813 821 10.1111/bju.12551 24180461
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Izquierdo L. Montalbo R. Torres I.M. Mallofré C. Backhaus R.M. Rubio J. Van der Heijden A.G. Schaafsma E. Beltran L.A. Blanca A. Lawrentschuk N. Alcaraz A. Mengual L. Prognostic microRNAs in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: Multicenter and international validation study. Oncotarget 2017 8 31 51522 51529 10.18632/oncotarget.17884 28881664
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Roberts S.A. Lawrence M.S. Klimczak L.J. Grimm S.A. Fargo D. Stojanov P. Kiezun A. Kryukov G.V. Carter S.L. Saksena G. Harris S. Shah R.R. Resnick M.A. Getz G. Gordenin D.A. An APOBEC cytidine deaminase mutagenesis pattern is widespread in human cancers. Nat. Genet. 2013 45 9 970 976 10.1038/ng.2702 23852170
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Middlebrooks C.D. Banday A.R. Matsuda K. Udquim K.I. Onabajo O.O. Paquin A. Figueroa J.D. Zhu B. Koutros S. Kubo M. Shuin T. Freedman N.D. Kogevinas M. Malats N. Chanock S.J. Closas G.M. Silverman D.T. Rothman N. Olsson P.L. Association of germline variants in the APOBEC3 region with cancer risk and enrichment with APOBEC-signature mutations in tumors. Nat. Genet. 2016 48 11 1330 1338 10.1038/ng.3670 27643540
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Duensing S. Lee L.Y. Duensing A. Basile J. Piboonniyom S. Gonzalez S. Crum C.P. Münger K. The human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins cooperate to induce mitotic defects and genomic instability by uncoupling centrosome duplication from the cell division cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2000 97 18 10002 10007 10.1073/pnas.170093297 10944189
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Petljak M. Alexandrov L.B. Brammeld J.S. Price S. Wedge D.C. Grossmann S. Dawson K.J. Ju Y.S. Iorio F. Tubio J.M.C. Koh C.C. Soares G.I. Martín R.B. Otlu B. O’Meara S. Butler A.P. Menzies A. Bhosle S.G. Raine K. Jones D.R. Teague J.W. Beal K. Latimer C. O’Neill L. Zamora J. Anderson E. Patel N. Maddison M. Ng B.L. Graham J. Garnett M.J. McDermott U. Zainal N.S. Campbell P.J. Stratton M.R. Characterizing mutational signatures in human cancer cell lines reveals episodic APOBEC mutagenesis. Cell 2019 176 6 1282 1294.e20 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.012 30849372
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Moss T.J. Qi Y. Xi L. Peng B. Kim T.B. Ezzedine N.E. Mosqueda M.E. Guo C.C. Czerniak B.A. Ittmann M. Wheeler D.A. Lerner S.P. Matin S.F. Comprehensive genomic characterization of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Eur. Urol. 2017 72 4 641 649 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.05.048 28601352
    [Google Scholar]
  54. He L. Yang B. Jian D. Luo H. Wang D. Dai N. Prognostic value of HPV E6 and APOBEC3B in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Dis. Markers 2022 2022 1 9 10.1155/2022/2147494 35903294
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Nakamura N. Ramaswamy S. Vazquez F. Signoretti S. Loda M. Sellers W.R. Forkhead transcription factors are critical effectors of cell death and cell cycle arrest downstream of PTEN. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2000 20 23 8969 8982 10.1128/MCB.20.23.8969‑8982.2000 11073996
    [Google Scholar]
  56. de Brachène C.A. Demoulin J.B. FOXO transcription factors in cancer development and therapy. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2016 73 6 1159 1172 10.1007/s00018‑015‑2112‑y 26686861
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Miyamoto H. Zheng Y. Izumi K. Nuclear hormone receptor signals as new therapeutic targets for urothelial carcinoma. Curr. Canc. Drug Targ. 2012 12 1 14 22 10.2174/156800912798888965 22111835
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Hsu I. Vitkus S. Da J. Yeh S. Role of oestrogen receptors in bladder cancer development. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2013 10 6 317 326 10.1038/nrurol.2013.53 23588401
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Inoue S. Mizushima T. Miyamoto H. Role of the androgen receptor in urothelial cancer. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2018 465 73 81 10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.021 28652170
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Ide H. Jiang G. Mizushima T. Fujita K. Inoue S. Yamaguchi S. Fushimi H. Nonomura N. Miyamoto H. Forkhead box O1 as an indicator of prognosis is inactivated in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Oncol. Lett. 2018 17 1 482 487 10.3892/ol.2018.9510 30655790
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Kanapathipillai M. Treating p53 mutant aggregation-associated cancer. Cancers 2018 10 6 154 10.3390/cancers10060154 29789497
    [Google Scholar]
  62. Lee J.Y. Cho K.S. Diaz R.R. Choi Y.D. Choi H.Y. p53 expression as a prognostic factor in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol. Int. 2015 94 1 50 57 10.1159/000360227 25171290
    [Google Scholar]
  63. Krabbe L.M. Bagrodia A. Haddad A.Q. Kapur P. Khalil D. Hynan L.S. Wood C.G. Karam J.A. Weizer A.Z. Raman J.D. Remzi M. Leclercq R.N. Haitel A. Roscigno M. Bolenz C. Bensalah K. Sagalowsky A.I. Shariat S.F. Lotan Y. Margulis V. Multi-institutional validation of the predictive value of Ki-67 in patients with high grade urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. J. Urol. 2015 193 5 1486 1493 10.1016/j.juro.2014.11.007 25451830
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Chen C.H. Tsai M.Y. Chiang P.C. Sung M.T. Luo H.L. Suen J.L. Tsai E.M. Chiang P.H. Prognostic value of PD-L1 combined positive score in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 2021 70 10 2981 2990 10.1007/s00262‑021‑02890‑y 33740124
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Miyai K. Kawamura K. Ito K. Matsukuma S. Tsuda H. Prognostic impact of stromal periostin expression in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022 22 1 787 10.1186/s12885‑022‑09893‑7 35850759
    [Google Scholar]
  66. Szarvas T. Becker M. Dorp V.F. Gethmann C. Tötsch M. Bánkfalvi Á. Schmid K.W. Romics I. Rübben H. Ergün S. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 as a marker of metastasis and predictor of poor survival in bladder cancer. Cancer Sci. 2010 101 5 1300 1308 10.1111/j.1349‑7006.2010.01506.x 20180812
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Kovács P.T. Mayer T. Csizmarik A. Váradi M. Oláh C. Széles Á. Tschirdewahn S. Krafft U. Hadaschik B. Nyirády P. Riesz P. Szarvas T. Elevated pre-treatment serum MMP-7 levels are associated with the presence of metastasis and poor survival in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022 10 3 698 10.3390/biomedicines10030698 35327500
    [Google Scholar]
  68. Suzuki K. Zhu B. Rittling S.R. Denhardt D.T. Goldberg H.A. Mcculloch C.A.G. Sodek J. Colocalization of intracellular osteopontin with CD44 is associated with migration, cell fusion, and resorption in osteoclasts. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2002 17 8 1486 1497 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.8.1486 12162503
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Ke H.L. Chang L.L. Yang S.F. Lin H.H. Li C.C. Wu D.C. Wu W.J. Osteopontin overexpression predicts poor prognosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Urol. Oncol. 2011 29 6 703 709 10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.10.009 20022267
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Li Y. He S. He A. Guan B. Ge G. Zhan Y. Wu Y. Gong Y. Peng D. Bao Z. Li X. Zhou L. Identification of plasma secreted phosphoprotein 1 as a novel biomarker for upper tract urothelial carcinomas. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2019 113 108744 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108744 30844659
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Honda K. Yamada T. Endo R. Ino Y. Gotoh M. Tsuda H. Yamada Y. Chiba H. Hirohashi S. Actinin-4, a novel actin-bundling protein associated with cell motility and cancer invasion. J. Cell Biol. 1998 140 6 1383 1393 10.1083/jcb.140.6.1383 9508771
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Honda K. Development of biomarkers to predict recurrence by determining the metastatic ability of cancer cells. J. Nippon Med. Sch. 2022 89 1 24 32 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2022_89‑118 34526453
    [Google Scholar]
  73. Grigore A. Jolly M. Jia D. Carson F.M. Levine H. Tumor budding: The name is EMT. Partial EMT. J. Clin. Med. 2016 5 5 51 10.3390/jcm5050051 27136592
    [Google Scholar]
  74. Tentler D. Lomert E. Novitskaya K. Barlev N.A. Role of ACTN4 in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and EMT. Cells 2019 8 11 1427 10.3390/cells8111427 31766144
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Honda K. Yamada T. Hayashida Y. Idogawa M. Sato S. Hasegawa F. Ino Y. Ono M. Hirohashi S. Actinin-4 increases cell motility and promotes lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2005 128 1 51 62 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.10.004 15633123
    [Google Scholar]
  76. Fukumoto M. Kurisu S. Yamada T. Takenawa T. α-Actinin-4 enhances colorectal cancer cell invasion by suppressing focal adhesion maturation. PLoS One 2015 10 4 e0120616 10.1371/journal.pone.0120616 25860875
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Procházková I. Lenčo J. Fučíková A. Dresler J. Čápková L. Hrstka R. Nenutil R. Bouchal P. Targeted proteomics driven verification of biomarker candidates associated with breast cancer aggressiveness. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Proteins Proteomics 2017 1865 5 488 498 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.02.012 28216224
    [Google Scholar]
  78. Fang C. Li J.J. Deng T. Li B.H. Geng P.L. Zeng X.T. Actinin-4 as a diagnostic biomarker in serum of breast cancer patients. Med. Sci. Monit. 2019 25 3298 3302 10.12659/MSM.912404 31054253
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Yamagata N. Shyr Y. Yanagisawa K. Edgerton M. Dang T.P. Gonzalez A. Nadaf S. Larsen P. Roberts J.R. Nesbitt J.C. Jensen R. Levy S. Moore J.H. Minna J.D. Carbone D.P. A training-testing approach to the molecular classification of resected non-small cell lung cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003 9 13 4695 4704 14581339
    [Google Scholar]
  80. Wang M.C. Chang Y.H. Wu C.C. Tyan Y.C. Chang H.C. Goan Y.G. Lai W.W. Cheng P.N. Liao P.C. Alpha-actinin 4 is associated with cancer cell motility and is a potential biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2015 10 2 286 301 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000396 25299231
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Noro R. Honda K. Tsuta K. Ishii G. Maeshima A.M. Miura N. Furuta K. Shibata T. Tsuda H. Ochiai A. Sakuma T. Nishijima N. Gemma A. Asamura H. Nagai K. Yamada T. Distinct outcome of stage I lung adenocarcinoma with ACTN4 cell motility gene amplification. Ann. Oncol. 2013 24 10 2594 2600 10.1093/annonc/mdt293 23899839
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Noro R. Ishigame T. Walsh N. Shiraishi K. Robles A.I. Ryan B.M. Schetter A.J. Bowman E.D. Welsh J.A. Seike M. Gemma A. Skaug V. Mollerup S. Haugen A. Yokota J. Kohno T. Harris C.C. A two-gene prognostic classifier for early-stage lung squamous cell carcinoma in multiple large-scale and geographically diverse cohorts. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2017 12 1 65 76 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.08.141 27613525
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Kikuchi S. Honda K. Tsuda H. Hiraoka N. Imoto I. Kosuge T. Umaki T. Onozato K. Shitashige M. Yamaguchi U. Ono M. Tsuchida A. Aoki T. Inazawa J. Hirohashi S. Yamada T. Expression and gene amplification of actinin-4 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. Clin. Cancer Res. 2008 14 17 5348 5356 10.1158/1078‑0432.CCR‑08‑0075 18765526
    [Google Scholar]
  84. Shoji H. Miura N. Ueno H. Honda K. Measurement of copy number of ACTN4 to optimize the therapeutic strategy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2018 18 6 624 629 10.1016/j.pan.2018.06.003 29921500
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Yamamoto S. Tsuda H. Honda K. Kita T. Takano M. Tamai S. Inazawa J. Yamada T. Matsubara O. Actinin-4 expression in ovarian cancer: A novel prognostic indicator independent of clinical stage and histological type. Mod. Pathol. 2007 20 12 1278 1285 10.1038/modpathol.3800966 17873890
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Yamamoto S. Tsuda H. Honda K. Onozato K. Takano M. Tamai S. Imoto I. Inazawa J. Yamada T. Matsubara O. Actinin-4 gene amplification in ovarian cancer: A candidate oncogene associated with poor patient prognosis and tumor chemoresistance. Mod. Pathol. 2009 22 4 499 507 10.1038/modpathol.2008.234 19151661
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Yamamoto S. Tsuda H. Honda K. Takano M. Tamai S. Imoto I. Inazawa J. Yamada T. Matsubara O. ACTN4 gene amplification and actinin-4 protein overexpression drive tumour development and histological progression in a high-grade subset of ovarian clear-cell adenocarcinomas. Histopathology 2012 60 7 1073 1083 10.1111/j.1365‑2559.2011.04163.x 22348389
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Watabe Y. Mori T. Yoshimoto S. Nomura T. Shibahara T. Yamada T. Honda K. Copy number increase of ACTN4 is a prognostic indicator in salivary gland carcinoma. Cancer Med. 2014 3 3 613 622 10.1002/cam4.214 24574362
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Kakuya T. Mori T. Yoshimoto S. Watabe Y. Miura N. Shoji H. Onidani K. Shibahara T. Honda K. Prognostic significance of gene amplification of ACTN4 in stage I and II oral tongue cancer. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2017 46 8 968 976 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.03.001 28385383
    [Google Scholar]
  90. Ishizuya Y. Uemura M. Narumi R. Tomiyama E. Koh Y. Matsushita M. Nakano K. Hayashi Y. Wang C. Kato T. Hatano K. Kawashima A. Ujike T. Fujita K. Imamura R. Adachi J. Tomonaga T. Nonomura N. The role of actinin-4 (ACTN4) in exosomes as a potential novel therapeutic target in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2020 523 3 588 594 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.084 31941606
    [Google Scholar]
  91. Koizumi T. Nakatsuji H. Fukawa T. Avirmed S. Fukumori T. Takahashi M. Kanayama H. The role of actinin-4 in bladder cancer invasion. Urology 2010 75 2 357 364 10.1016/j.urology.2009.09.037 19969329
    [Google Scholar]
  92. Yoshii H. Ito K. Asano T. Horiguchi A. Hayakawa M. Asano T. Increased expression of α-actinin-4 is associated with unfavorable pathological features and invasiveness of bladder cancer. Oncol. Rep. 2013 30 3 1073 1080 10.3892/or.2013.2577 23817592
    [Google Scholar]
  93. Kawamura K. Miyai K. Sato K. Matsukuma S. Honda K. Ito K. Tsuda H. Copy number gain of ACTN4 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 2023 114 8 3411 3422 10.1111/cas.15841 37226638
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Kim H.S. Lee H.S. Ku J.H. Prognostic impact of postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on survival outcomes of patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: A single institution retrospective analysis using propensity score matching. J. Cancer 2023 14 7 1174 1181 10.7150/jca.76977 37215445
    [Google Scholar]
  95. Ghorai R.P. Nayak B. Goel R. Gupta P. Raj R. Kaushal S. Nayyar R. Kumar R. Seth A. The prognostic role of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Indian J. Urol. 2024 40 3 191 196 10.4103/iju.iju_22_24 39100608
    [Google Scholar]
  96. Saito S. Takahashi H. Yata Y. Takamizawa S. Hara S. Miyajima K. Iwatani K. Yasue K. Nishikawa H. Yamamoto T. Koide H. Sadakane I. Atsuta M. Mori K. Imai Y. Kayano S. Murakami M. Tashiro K. Tsuzuki S. Yamada H. Miki J. Urabe F. Kimura T. Associations between early changes in the neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio after radical nephroureterectomy and treatment outcomes. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 2024 54 11 1201 1207 10.1093/jjco/hyae081 38920339
    [Google Scholar]
  97. Cao Z.P. Guan B. Zhao G.Z. Fang D. Xiong G.Y. Li X.S. Zhou L.Q. Validation of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in a large cohort of chinese patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Chin. Med. J. 2017 130 17 2063 2068 10.4103/0366‑6999.213414 28836549
    [Google Scholar]
  98. Hashimoto M. Fujita K. Nakayama T. Fujimoto S. Hamaguchi M. Nishimoto M. Kikuchi T. Adomi S. Banno E. Velasco D.M.A. Saito Y. Shimizu N. Mori Y. Minami T. Nozawa M. Nose K. Yoshimura K. Uemura H. Higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio after the first cycle of the first-line chemotherapy is associated with poor cancer specific survival of upper urinary tract carcinoma patients. Transl. Androl. Urol. 2021 10 7 2838 2847 10.21037/tau‑21‑185 34430386
    [Google Scholar]
  99. Teishima J. Hirata J. Toge T. Uematsu R. Mita Y. Yoshii T. Nakamura I. Prognostic model using postoperative normalization of C-reactive protein levels in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Can. Urol. Assoc. J. 2023 18 3 E84 E90 10.5489/cuaj.8393 38507711
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Yang L. Wei Q. Xu H. Ai J-Z. Tan P. Lin T-H. Jin X. Gong L-N. Lei H-R. Pretreatment elevated fibrinogen level predicts worse oncologic outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Asian J. Androl. 2020 22 2 177 183 10.4103/aja.aja_38_19 31169138
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Kuroda K. Tasaki S. Asakuma J. Horiguchi A. Ito K. Preoperative risk stratification using plasma fibrinogen levels can predict lymphovascular invasion and poor prognosis in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Mol. Clin. Oncol. 2021 14 5 102 10.3892/mco.2021.2264 33796291
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Otsuka M. Kamasako T. Uemura T. Takeshita N. Shinozaki T. Kobayashi M. Komaru A. Fukasawa S. Prognostic role of the preoperative serum albumin : Globulin ratio after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Int. J. Urol. 2018 25 10 871 878 10.1111/iju.13767 30103271
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Ku J.H. Kim M. Choi W.S. Kwak C. Kim H.H. Preoperative serum albumin as a prognostic factor in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Int. Braz J Urol 2014 40 6 753 762 10.1590/S1677‑5538.IBJU.2014.06.06 25615244
    [Google Scholar]
  104. Aalami A.H. Aalami F. Diagnostic performance of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 2022 27 10 1605 1615 10.1007/s10147‑022‑02216‑7 35856125
    [Google Scholar]
  105. Eismann L. Mumm J.N. Bohn L. Wülfing C. Clarke K.R. Casuscelli J. Waidelich R. Stief C.G. Schlenker B. Rodler S. The impact of fluorescence in situ hybridization on the staging of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urol. Int. 2021 105 7-8 631 636 10.1159/000513459 33582671
    [Google Scholar]
  106. Gomella L.G. Mann M.J. Cleary R.C. Hubosky S.G. Bagley D.H. Thumar A.B. McCue P.A. Lallas C.D. Trabulsi E.J. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma: The largest single-institution experience to date. Can. J. Urol. 2017 24 1 8620 8626 28263126
    [Google Scholar]
  107. Su X. Hao H. Li X. He Z. Gong K. Zhang C. Cai L. Zhang Q. Yao L. Ding Y. Gong Y. Fang D. Zhang Z. Zhou L. Fluorescence in situ hybridization status of voided urine predicts invasive and high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017 8 16 26106 26111 10.18632/oncotarget.15344 28212539
    [Google Scholar]
  108. Jin H. Lin T. Hao J. Qiu S. Xu H. Yu R. Sun S. Zhang P. Liu Z. Yang L. Liu L. Han P. Wei Q. A comprehensive comparison of fluorescence in situ hybridization and cytology for the detection of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Medicine 2018 97 52 e13859 10.1097/MD.0000000000013859 30593189
    [Google Scholar]
  109. Yu Q. Li Y. Li G. Li T. Zeng H. Yang Z. Wang D. Prospective evaluation of FISH for detecting upper tract urothelial carcinoma in voided urine specimens. Oncol. Lett. 2016 12 1 183 188 10.3892/ol.2016.4592 27347122
    [Google Scholar]
  110. Tang F. Wang X. Liu T. Wang H. Wan Z. Fu Q. Zheng Z. Aersi M. Peng J. Multiple fluorescences in situ hybridization status in excreted urine improve diagnostic efficacy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas. Urol. J. 2024 21 2 107 113 10.22037/uj.v20i.7973 38168059
    [Google Scholar]
  111. Széles Á. Kovács P.T. Csizmarik A. Váradi M. Riesz P. Fazekas T. Váncsa S. Hegyi P. Oláh C. Tschirdewahn S. Darr C. Krafft U. Grünwald V. Hadaschik B. Horváth O. Nyirády P. Szarvas T. High pretreatment serum PD-L1 levels are associated with muscle invasion and shorter survival in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022 10 10 2560 10.3390/biomedicines10102560 36289821
    [Google Scholar]
  112. Ward M. Albertson D. Furtado L.V. Deftereos G. PD-L1 tumor cell expression in upper tract urothelial carcinomas is associated with higher pathologic stage. Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 2022 30 1 56 61 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000957 34183505
    [Google Scholar]
  113. Lu Y. Kang J. Luo Z. Song Y. Tian J. Li Z. Wang X. Liu L. Yang Y. Liu X. The prevalence and prognostic role of PD-L1 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients underwent radical nephroureterectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Oncol. 2020 10 1400 10.3389/fonc.2020.01400 32974145
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Miyama Y. Morikawa T. Miyakawa J. Koyama Y. Kawai T. Kume H. Fukayama M. The prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in upper tract urothelial carcinoma varies according to platelet count. Cancer Med. 2018 7 9 4330 4338 10.1002/cam4.1686 30062756
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673339558250123110322
Loading
/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0109298673339558250123110322
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test