Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents) - Volume 15, Issue 2, 2017

Background: Plants derived constituents with impending therapeutic values have been used long time to cure various diseases and disorders including Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Various restorative herbs have become portion of food as vegetables, spice, and organic products. In current days, there is mounting facts that natural foods molecules, because of their natural possessions, are perhaps inimitable nutraceuticals, possessing additional remedies for diverse characteristics of Diabetes. In present appraise, addressed the latent potentiality of a sulfur containing amino acid S-Allylcysteine (SAC), which was derived from garlic on Diabetes mellitus and other disorders. Substantiating with a number of in vitro, animal experiments and some human clinical trails, SAC revise glucose and lipid metabolism, amend hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia, convalesce metabolism of adipose tissue, and oxidative stress development and pathways of stress-sensitive signaling and inflammatory associated issues. Conclusion: S-Allycysteine showed several beneficial effects on various disorders and there is no scientific evidence against S-Allycysteine adverse effects, and proved that consumption of S-Allylcysteine has numerous pharmacological benefits.

Background: Nature is God's gift to human beings. Natural products are a source of new chemical diversity and are the choice of today's world. Nature itself gives remedy to all our health problems. The sources of natural product are plants, animals and microorganisms. Among them, plant and its products are more reliable for their renewability and therefore, considered as fortunate for human welfare. Our traditional system of medicine which has been followed by our ancestors has its own impact on human life. Due to the inadequate knowledge, many plant derived products (drugs) have not been explored yet to the society. We are having many side effects and long term complications in synthetic drugs. Our aim is to mine the precious data about the plant Argemone mexicana. Now-a-days, people prefer a drug which has no side effects. For that, the plant Argemone mexicana is a boon to the human being as it has a number of miraculous compounds to cure a various types of diseases. Single plant has a lot of uncountable benefits in drug discovery which gives a base for new drug discovery. This plant is a weed, easily available and it does not require any special care which forms the base to develop a drug in socio economic form so that it could be made available to all people. This chapter provides an insight into various interesting pharmacological properties viz., antidiabetic activity, anti-Cancer activity, anti-HIV activity, CNS related activities, wound recovering action, anti microbial activity, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic activity, hepatoprotective activity, anti-fertility activity, antiallergic activity, nematicidal activity, allelopathic effect, antihelmintic activity, larvicidal activity, antifeedant action etc., which have been reviewed from different studies in scientific journals. Conclusion: This present review would kindle many of the young minds to turn towards nature i.e., plant based novel drug discovery with in-depth and extensive studies in all relevant aspects. Hence the paramount importance of this review about Argemone mexicana will be very much useful to the society.

Background: Curcumin is an active compound extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric). It possesses a di-phenolic structure and there are three important fractions of curcumin namely curcumin, mono-desmethoxycurcumin and bis-desmethoxycurcumin. Curcumin is having high medicinal value. It is widely available in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicine formulations to treat various diseases. It is effective against microbial pathogens like bacteria, virus and fungi. It is highly potent and kills cancerous cells. Curcumin exhibits antioxidant activity and reduces lipoperoxidation. Cardioprotective nature of curcumin is also reported. Conclusion: It can protect the brain from neurodegenerative disorders caused by oxidative stress. It is safe to use in humans and animals. In addition to its medicinal value, it is also having numerous commercial applications like dyeing, cooking purposes, antiseptics, etc. The cultivation of turmeric by means of inorganic inputs making it contaminated with heavy metals is reported. Improving the biological use of curcumin provides healthy humankind and increases the economic status of a country.

Background: Obesity is no longer considered as a cosmetic issue as it is a potential risk factor to develop hypertension, type-2 diabetes, Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVDs), infertility, arthritis, etc. Apart from genetic factors, changes in life styles, food and work habits have lead to an alarming increase in obesity ailments in both developed and developing countries. The excess and unutilized food taken in is converted into lipid components, primarily triglycerides and is stored in the liver, adipose and other tissues; if the positive energy balance extends for a longer period, it leads to overweight, obesity and CVDs. Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and cause greater mortality rate worldwide. Although a number of drugs have been developed to contain these diseases, most of them suffer from significant side effects and some of them have been even withdrawn from markets. In view of this, there is a growing emphasis for natural product based drugs. Conclusion: In this article, the present scenario of obesity-CVDs and their causative factors are described besides mentioning currently available medications to treat them. The role of phytochemicals in treating obesity-CVDs and their possible mode of action are also highlighted. This study strengthens our understanding of obesity-CVDs and paves the way to develop novel and cost-effective plant based drugs/formulations with negligible side effects to treat these lifestyle based diseases.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a constant and illimitable metabolic disorder that can happen even at a young age due to the virtual absence of naturally acting insulin, which uptakes and accumulates glucose; thereby reducing the use of glucose. In the present study, we evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of andrographolide on Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Sprague dawley rats. Method: Diabetes was induced by intraperitonial injection of STZ (45 mg/kg B.W) in Sprague dawley rats. Andrographolide (2.5 mg/kg B.W) was administered orally to diabetic rats and Glibenclamide (25mg/kg B.W) as control for 30 days to assess its effects on blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and antioxidant profiles such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation in various regions of brain namely hypothalamus, cerebellum, hippocampus and brain cerebral cortex. Result: Oral supplementation of andrographolide extensively diminished the blood glucose levels than diabetic control. There was noteworthy reduction in the CAT, SOD and GPx activities in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex cerebellum of the DM rat brain. However, andrographolide supplementation drastically reverses the CAT, GPx and SOD back to normal levels. Conclusion: The results revealed that andrographolide has shown beneficial potentiality against neuropathy in STZ induced diabetic rats.

Background: Natto, a fermented soybean food, has been consumed by oriental people for more than 1000 years. Nattokinase, formerly called subtilisin NAT, is a well-studied protease of microbial origin that possesses fibrinolytic (anti-clotting) activities. Due to its strong fibrinolytic and thrombolytic activity, Nattokinase is regarded as a precious dietary supplement or nutraceutical for the oral thrombolytic therapy. Nattokinase is witnessed to be a useful enzyme for the complete removal of the vitreous and associated proliferative tissues in proliferative vitreo retinal disorders. Conclusion: This review focuses on the native and recombinant Nattokinase from bacteria and other sources, their production, purification, immobilization and nano-immobilization studies, which aid in ameliorating their properties to suit the targeted industrial applications. Recent development in these fields are presented and discussed, and prospective developments are suggested.