Skip to content
2000
Volume 23, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1871-5257
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6182

Abstract

Background

Premature menopause (PM) is defined as the end of ovulation before the age of 40 years, a condition commonly referred to as primary ovarian insufficiency. It has been shown there is an association between early menopause and a high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphisms related to premature menopause on cardio-metabolic disorders.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with PM and the risk of cardio-metabolic disorders in the MASHAD cohort study.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 117 women with PM were recruited and compared with 183 healthy women. All participants were assessed for anthropometric indices and genotyped for eight selected polymorphisms within seven different genes.

Results

A significant difference was observed in physical activity level (PAL) between the groups. Individuals with rs4806660 CC genotype had a 3.63-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, individuals with a TT genotype of the rs2303369 polymorphism had a 3.11-fold increased risk of obesity.

Conclusion

Our findings showed that genetic variations are risk factors related to cardio-metabolic disorders in women with premature menopause.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/chamc/10.2174/0118715257297949241023053739
2025-06-01
2025-09-15

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/chamc/10.2174/0118715257297949241023053739
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. QinY. SunM. YouL. WeiD. SunJ. LiangX. ZhangB. JiangH. XuJ. ChenZ.J. ESR1, HK3 and BRSK1 gene variants are associated with both age at natural menopause and premature ovarian failure.Orphanet J. Rare Dis.201271510.1186/1750‑1172‑7‑522248077
     [Google Scholar]
  2. AnagnostisP. ChristouK. ArtzouchaltziA.M. GkekasN.K. KosmidouN. SiolosP. PaschouS.A. PotoupnisM. KenanidisE. TsiridisE. LambrinoudakiI. StevensonJ.C. GoulisD.G. Early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Eur. J. Endocrinol.20191801415010.1530/EJE‑18‑060230400047
     [Google Scholar]
  3. LavenJ.S. Genetics of early and normal menopause.Semin. Reprod. Med.201533637738310.1055/s‑0035‑1567825
     [Google Scholar]
  4. ShusterL.T. RhodesD.J. GostoutB.S. GrossardtB.R. RoccaW.A. Premature menopause or early menopause: Long-term health consequences.Maturitas201065216116610.1016/j.maturitas.2009.08.00319733988
     [Google Scholar]
  5. MurrayA. BennettC.E. PerryJ.R.B. WeedonM.N. ConsortiumR.G. JacobsP.A. MorrisD.H. OrrN. SchoemakerM.J. JonesM. AshworthA. SwerdlowA.J. Common genetic variants are significant risk factors for early menopause: Results from the breakthrough generations study.Hum. Mol. Genet.201120118619210.1093/hmg/ddq41720952801
     [Google Scholar]
  6. EbongI.A. WatsonK.E. GoffD.C. BluemkeD.A. SrikanthanP. HorwichT. BertoniA.G. Age at menopause and incident heart failure.Menopause201421658559110.1097/GME.000000000000013824423934
     [Google Scholar]
  7. RahmanI. ÅkessonA. WolkA. Relationship between age at natural menopause and risk of heart failure.Menopause2015221121610.1097/GME.000000000000026124824644
     [Google Scholar]
  8. RyczkowskaK. AdachW. JanikowskiK. BanachM. Bielecka-DabrowaA. Menopause and women’s cardiovascular health: Is it really an obvious relationship?Arch. Med. Sci.202319245846610.5114/aoms/15730837034510
     [Google Scholar]
  9. FaubionS.S. KuhleC.L. ShusterL.T. RoccaW.A. Long-term health consequences of premature or early menopause and considerations for management.Climacteric201518448349110.3109/13697137.2015.102048425845383
     [Google Scholar]
  10. GershF.L. LavieC.J. Menopause and hormone replacement therapy in the 21st century.Heart106479481202010.1136/heartjnl‑2019‑315898
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Ghayour-MobarhanM. MoohebatiM. EsmailyH. EbrahimiM. ParizadehS.M.R. Heidari-BakavoliA.R. SafarianM. MokhberN. NematyM. SaberH. MohammadiM. AndalibiM.S.S. FernsG.A. AzarpazhoohM.R. Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) study: Design, baseline characteristics and 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation.Int. J. Public Health201560556157210.1007/s00038‑015‑0679‑625943424
     [Google Scholar]
  12. MishraG.D. ChungH.F. CanoA. ChedrauiP. GoulisD.G. LopesP. MueckA. ReesM. SenturkL.M. SimonciniT. StevensonJ.C. StuteP. TuomikoskiP. LambrinoudakiI. EMAS position statement: Predictors of premature and early natural menopause.Maturitas2019123828810.1016/j.maturitas.2019.03.00831027683
     [Google Scholar]
  13. MorselliE. SantosR.S. CriolloA. NelsonM.D. PalmerB.F. CleggD.J. The effects of oestrogens and their receptors on cardiometabolic health.Nat. Rev. Endocrinol.201713635236410.1038/nrendo.2017.1228304393
     [Google Scholar]
  14. TrémollièresF.A. PouillesJ.M. CauneilleC. RibotC. Coronary heart disease risk factors and menopause: A study in 1684 French women.Atherosclerosis1999142241542310.1016/S0021‑9150(98)00252‑410030394
     [Google Scholar]
  15. FuX. WangH. ZhangX. Genetic aspects of early menopause.J. BioX Res.20192310511110.1097/JBR.0000000000000043
     [Google Scholar]
  16. UddenbergE.R. SafwanN. SaadedineM. HurtadoM.D. FaubionS.S. ShufeltC.L. Menopause transition and cardiovascular disease risk.Maturitas202418510797410.1016/j.maturitas.2024.10797438555760
     [Google Scholar]
  17. BanachM. SurmaS. ReinerZ. KatsikiN. PensonP.E. FrasZ. SahebkarA. PaneniF. RizzoM. KasteleinJ. Personalized management of dyslipidemias in patients with diabetes - It is time for a new approach (2022).Cardiovasc. Diabetol.202221126310.1186/s12933‑022‑01684‑536443827
     [Google Scholar]
  18. PoorzandH. FazeliB. KhajaviO. GholoobiA. KeihanianF. MorovatdarN. Association of polymorphisms of renin angiotensin system and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genes with premature cardiovascular disease in an Iranian population.BMC Cardiovasc. Disord.202323125410.1186/s12872‑023‑03276‑x37193968
     [Google Scholar]
  19. CoignetM.V. ZirpoliG.R. RobertsM.R. KhouryT. BanderaE.V. ZhuQ. YaoS. Genetic variations, reproductive aging, and breast cancer risk in African American and European American women: The women’s circle of health study.PLoS One20171210e018720510.1371/journal.pone.018720529073238
     [Google Scholar]
  20. ChenC.T.L. Fernández-RhodesL. BrzyskiR.G. CarlsonC.S. ChenZ. HeissG. NorthK.E. WoodsN.F. RajkovicA. KooperbergC. FranceschiniN. Replication of loci influencing ages at menarche and menopause in Hispanic women: The Women’s Health Initiative SHARe Study.Hum. Mol. Genet.20122161419143210.1093/hmg/ddr57022131368
     [Google Scholar]
  21. RuthK.S. SoaresA.L.G. BorgesM.C. EliassenA.H. HankinsonS.E. JonesM.E. KraftP. NicholsH.B. SandlerD.P. SchoemakerM.J. TaylorJ.A. Zeleniuch-JacquotteA. LawlorD.A. SwerdlowA.J. MurrayA. Genome-wide association study of anti-Müllerian hormone levels in pre-menopausal women of late reproductive age and relationship with genetic determinants of reproductive lifespan.Hum. Mol. Genet.20192881392140110.1093/hmg/ddz01530649302
     [Google Scholar]
  22. BaeH. LunettaK.L. MurabitoJ.M. AndersenS.L. SchupfN. PerlsT. SebastianiP. Genetic associations with age of menopause in familial longevity.Menopause201926101204121210.1097/GME.000000000000136731188284
     [Google Scholar]
  23. HeC. KraftP. ChenC. BuringJ.E. ParéG. HankinsonS.E. ChanockS.J. RidkerP.M. HunterD.J. ChasmanD.I. Genome-wide association studies identify loci associated with age at menarche and age at natural menopause.Nat. Genet.200941672472810.1038/ng.38519448621
     [Google Scholar]
  24. MoronF. RuizA. GalanJ. Genetic and genomic insights into age at natural menopause.Genome Med.2009187610.1186/gm7619664201
     [Google Scholar]
  25. PerryJ.R.B. HsuY.H. ChasmanD.I. JohnsonA.D. ElksC. AlbrechtE. AndrulisI.L. BeesleyJ. BerensonG.S. BergmannS. DNA mismatch repair gene MSH6 implicated in determining age at natural menopause.Hum. Mol. Genet.20142392490249710.1093/hmg/ddt62024357391
     [Google Scholar]
  26. DiakiteM. ClarkT.G. AuburnS. CampinoS. FryA.E. GreenA. MorrisA.P. RichardsonA. JallowM. Sisay-JoofF. PinderM. KwiatkowskiD.P. RockettK.A. A genetic association study in the Gambia using tagging polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex class III region implicates a HLA-B associated transcript 2 polymorphism in severe malaria susceptibility.Hum. Genet.2009125110510910.1007/s00439‑008‑0597‑219039607
     [Google Scholar]
  27. HeC. HamonS. LiD. Barral-RodriguezS. OttJ. MHC fine mapping of human type 1 diabetes using the T1DGC data.Diabetes Obes. Metab.200911Suppl. 1535910.1111/j.1463‑1326.2008.01003.x19143815
     [Google Scholar]
  28. PerryJ.R.B. CorreT. EskoT. ChasmanD.I. FischerK. FranceschiniN. HeC. KutalikZ. ManginoM. RoseL.M. A genome-wide association study of early menopause and the combined impact of identified variants.Hum. Mol. Genet.20132271465147210.1093/hmg/dds55123307926
     [Google Scholar]
  29. SpencerK.L. MalinowskiJ. CartyC.L. FranceschiniN. Fernández-RhodesL. YoungA. ChengI. RitchieM.D. HaimanC.A. WilkensL. ChunyuanWu MatiseT.C. CarlsonC.S. BrennanK. ParkA. RajkovicA. HindorffL.A. BuyskeS. CrawfordD.C. Genetic variation and reproductive timing: African American women from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study.PLoS One201382e5525810.1371/journal.pone.005525823424626
     [Google Scholar]
  30. HeC. ChasmanD.I. DreyfusJ. HwangS.J. RuiterR. SannaS. BuringJ.E. Fernández-RhodesL. FranceschiniN. HankinsonS.E. HofmanA. LunettaK.L. PalmieriG. PorcuE. RivadeneiraF. RoseL.M. SplanskyG.L. StolkL. UitterlindenA.G. ChanockS.J. CrisponiL. DemerathE.W. MurabitoJ.M. RidkerP.M. StrickerB.H. HunterD.J. Reproductive aging-associated common genetic variants and the risk of breast cancer.Breast Cancer Res.2012142R5410.1186/bcr315522433456
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/chamc/10.2174/0118715257297949241023053739
Loading
Cardio-metabolic Disorders Affected by Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Premature Menopause
Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents Med. Chem. 23, 128 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715257297949241023053739
/content/journals/chamc/10.2174/0118715257297949241023053739
/content/journals/chamc/10.2174/0118715257297949241023053739
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keyword(s): cardiovascular; cohort; genetic; Polymorphism; premature menopause; variant

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test