Signaling Pathways and Molecular Process of Natural Polyphenols in the Amelioration of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Privileged Scaffold in New Drug Discovery

GIT is seriously affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by extreme inflammation and an imbalance in a person's healthy life span. The frequency of occurrence of such chronic diseases as IBD would continue to increase. In the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to polyphenols from natural sources have been shown to serve as successful therapeutic agents for altering the signalling pathways linked to IBD and oxidative stress. We conducted a structured search for peer-reviewed research articles using the various keywords in bibliographic databases. By using common tools and a deductive qualitative content analysis technique, the quality of the retrieved papers and the distinctive findings of the articles included in the study were evaluated. Notably, experimental and clinical evidence has proved that natural polyphenols could act as a targeted modulator to play a key role in the prevention or treatment of IBD. Polyphenol phytochemicals have shown noticeable alleviative effects by acting on the TLR/NLR, and NF-ΚB signaling pathway in intestinal inflammation. This study examines the potential of polyphenols for treating IBD, with an emphasis on modulating cellular signalling mechanisms, regulating the balance of gut microbiota, and restoring the epithelial barrier. The available evidence concluded that the utilization of polyphenol-rich sources could control inflammation, mucosal healing, and positive benefits with minimal side effects. Even though additional study is required in this area, particularly that which focuses on the interactions, connections, and precise mechanisms of action linking polyphenols and IBD.