The Biological Functions of NF-κB1 (p

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a key transcriptional factor family that consists of five members in mammalian cells, including NF-κB1 (p⁵⁰), NF-κB2 (p⁵²), RelA (p⁶⁵), RelB and c-Rel. NF-κB is implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory and immune response, cell survival and apoptosis, cellular stress reactions and tumorigenesis. Recent studies by our group and others have highlighted the novel functions of the p⁵⁰ protein. In this review, we will focus on the regulation and functions of NF-κB p⁵⁰.