In the realm of nanomedicine, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) stand at the forefront, offering transformative potential for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Possessing exceptional optical and electronic properties, biocompatibility, and versatile surface customization, GQDs emerge as powerful tools for advanced imaging and targeted drug delivery. Synthesized through innovative bottom-up and top-down methods, GQDs present a diverse tool for precise tailoring. Their application in cancer therapy, especially when functionalized with vitamins, proteins, peptides, and polysaccharides, showcases remarkable versatility and efficacy. These tailored drug delivery systems demonstrate not only enhanced drug effectiveness and reduced toxicity but also enable targeted cancer treatment. Ongoing research into GQD synthesis and functionalization, coupled with a deeper understanding of their interactions with biological systems, promises to further refine cancer diagnosis and therapy. The potential of GQDs as intelligent carriers holds the key to revolutionizing cancer treatment, offering renewed hope for improved patient outcomes and quality of life.
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