The Multifarious Medical Applications of Carbon Curvatures: A Cohort review

Carbon curvatures are novel therapeutic bio-material that are being studied due to its multifarious applications in a variety of research aspects. All the carbon allotropes were grouped mathematically into three types based upon surface Gaussian curvatures: zero curvature (graphene), negative curvature (schwarzites), and positive curvature (fullerenes, CNTs), because they have physiochemical activities, such as optoelectrical, chemical, thermal and magnetic properties. All these allotropes consist of sp2 hybridization with delocalized π bond electrons. Based on the types and number of aromatic carbon rings, all ofthese have unique geometric structural characteristics, chirality, and solubility, which offers them as a potential candidate for biomedical and therapeutic applications. In this short review, we highlight the basic structural and physicochemical characteristics of carbon allotropes and their biomedical and therapeutic applications recentlystudied by researchers and describe the therapeutic applications of graphene and its derivatives in drug delivery, gene delivery, bio-imaging, biosensors, therapeutic diagnosis, and photo-stimulation therapies.