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2000
Volume 22, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 1573-4072
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6646

Abstract

This current review provides a thorough examination of the potential of plant-based chemicals as effective male contraceptive treatments by synthesizing results from several pre-clinical investigations. The established literature highlights the urgent requirement for male contraceptive strategies that are safe, effective, and reversible, considering the drawbacks and difficulties of current options. The need for male contraceptive research and the inherent drawbacks of available solutions are also covered in this review. It clarifies the possible benefits of plant-based contraceptives by emphasizing their natural source, expected safety profile, and low side effect rate. In this review, 49 plants evaluated for male oral contraceptive action are discussed. PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases are used for the literature search. This review explores the complex pathways, including hormone regulation, spermatogenesis suppression, sperm motility interference, and sperm maturation disruption, by which plant-based chemicals may have contraceptive effects. Pre-clinical investigations have examined a wide range of plant-derived substances, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, glycosides, alkaloids, phenolics, diterpenes, triterpenes, tannins, saponins, steroids, and phytosterols, among other phytochemical families. Every phytochemical is thoroughly examined, including its botanical origins, phytoconstituents, native name, and unique effects on male fertility. Results from research conducted on animals are methodically summarised in this study, including information on the effectiveness, dose, delivery methods, and reversibility of contraceptive effects. Furthermore, the discussion includes findings from research, emphasizing the possible influence on sperm parameters (sperm production, deformation, count, viability, and motility), reproductive hormones (testosterone level), thickness and diameter of seminiferous tubules (ST) as well as spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes, Sertoli cells (SCs), and Leydig cell (LCs). According to the assessment, male contraceptives made of plants have a lot of potential as a future weapon in the arsenal of contraceptives. Pre-clinical research has shown the safety, effectiveness, and reversibility of several plant-derived drugs, which offers a solid basis for more investigation and advancement. However, there are still a lot of obstacles to overcome, like standardizing plant extracts, guaranteeing uniform effectiveness, and carrying out thorough safety evaluations. This review emphasizes the significance of undertaking well-designed clinical studies to validate pre-clinical findings, creating standardized formulations for consistent outcomes, and resolving regulatory issues as well as ethical considerations for human use to progress this subject.

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/content/journals/cbc/10.2174/0115734072346159250311050808
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Pre-clinical Outcomes of Plant-based Male Oral Contraceptive: A Critical Review
Curr. Bioact. Compd. 22, e15734072346159 (2026); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734072346159250311050808
/content/journals/cbc/10.2174/0115734072346159250311050808
/content/journals/cbc/10.2174/0115734072346159250311050808
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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): antifertility; antispermatogenic; birth control; family planning; herbal contraceptive; male contraceptive; pregnancy; Reproductive system; testosterone

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