Skip to content
2000
Volume 3, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 2950-3752
  • E-ISSN: 2950-3760

Abstract

Internet of Things (H-IoT) technologies related to health are becoming increasingly important in managing patient health. These include preventing disease, monitoring patient functions in real-time telemonitoring, testing treatments, tracking fitness and well-being, distributing medications, and gathering data for health research. H-IoT promises numerous advantages for healthcare. However, it also raises several ethical issues due to the dangers of using Internet-enabled devices, the delicate nature of data about health, and how these issues influence the healthcare system. Healthcare IoT is designed to work in both public and private domains. The sensors and equipment are carried by the person or placed in locations such as homes, workplaces, or hospital wards. These circumstances allow the third party a chance to gather and analyze information about a person's behavior or health. While remote monitoring and faster response healthcare is getting better these days, the technologies used in it also present chances for data or personal privacy breaches. It has been noted that malevolent attackers targeting mobile devices typically have specific objectives, such as obtaining user or patient data, causing harm to system resources, or even terminating vital programs. Concerns over data privacy and autonomy, data quality, intellectual property, algorithmic bias, unprotected consumer gadgets, hackable automobiles, and the responsibility of IoT systems are some ethical challenges surrounding the Internet of Things (IoT). Additionally, potential loss of trust, invasions of privacy, improper use of data, inconsistent copyright, digital divide, identity theft, difficulties with control and information access, and freedom of speech and expression are some more concerns. Methods like algorithmic social contracts, programming moral behavior, and rules and codes of ethics for IoT developers must all be used to address these ethical dilemmas.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cai/10.2174/0129503752344067250304080837
2025-01-01
2025-09-29
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Osei-BonsuW. SteinA. BoswellM. The current ethical and regulatory status of the internet of medical things (IOMT) and the need of a new IOMT law.J Healthc Ethics Admin.201842323810.22461/jhea.6.7162
    [Google Scholar]
  2. ObaidO.I. SalmanS.A-B. Security and privacy in iot-based healthcare systems: A review.Mesopotam J Comput Sci.20222022294010.58496/MJCSC/2022/007
    [Google Scholar]
  3. FarhudD.D. ZokaeiS. Ethical issues of artificial intelligence in medicine and healthcare.Iran. J. Public Health20215011iv10.18502/ijph.v50i11.760035223619
    [Google Scholar]
  4. JaiswalP.G. GaikwadM. GaikwadN. Analysis of AI techniques for healthcare data with implementation of a classification model using support vector machine.J. Phys. Conf. Ser.19132021012136
    [Google Scholar]
  5. KaulV. EnslinS. GrossS.A. History of artificial intelligence in medicine.Gastrointest. Endosc.202092480781210.1016/j.gie.2020.06.04032565184
    [Google Scholar]
  6. MennellaC. ManiscalcoU. De PietroG. EspositoM. Ethical and regulatory challenges of AI technologies in healthcare: A narrative review.Heliyon2024104e2629710.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e2629738384518
    [Google Scholar]
  7. ReddyJ. ElsayedN. ElSayedZ. OzerM. A review on data breaches in healthcare security systems.Int. J. Comput. Appl.2023184451710.5120/ijca2023922333
    [Google Scholar]
  8. SehA.H. ZarourM. AleneziM. SarkarA.K. AgrawalA. KumarR. Ahmad KhanR. Healthcare data breaches: Insights and implications.Healthcare20208213310.3390/healthcare802013332414183
    [Google Scholar]
  9. VentolaC.L. Social media and health care professionals: Benefits, risks, and best practices.P&T201439749152025083128
    [Google Scholar]
  10. JiangL. WuZ. XuX. ZhanY. JinX. WangL. QiuY. Opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in the medical field: Current application, emerging problems, and problem-solving strategies.J. Int. Med. Res.20214930300060521100015710.1177/0300060521100015733771068
    [Google Scholar]
  11. BangulK. HajiraF. AyatullahQ. SanjayK. AbdulH. JawadH. SaadA. Drawbacks of artificial intelligence and their potential solutions in the healthcare sector.Biomed Mater Devices20231810.1007/s44174‑023‑00063‑2
    [Google Scholar]
  12. ChoudhuryA. AsanO. Role of artificial intelligence in patient safety outcomes: Systematic literature review.JMIR Med. Inform.202087e1859910.2196/1859932706688
    [Google Scholar]
  13. EsmaeilzadehP. Challenges and strategies for wide-scale artificial intelligence (AI) deployment in healthcare practices: A perspective for healthcare organizations.Artif. Intell. Med.202415110286110.1016/j.artmed.2024.10286138555850
    [Google Scholar]
  14. SharonaH. AndyP. Artificial intelligence and discrimination in health care.Yale J. Health Policy Law Ethics2020193149
    [Google Scholar]
  15. BernalJ. MazoC. Transparency of artificial intelligence in healthcare: Insights from professionals in computing and healthcare worldwide.Appl. Sci.202212201022810.3390/app122010228
    [Google Scholar]
  16. RameshA.N. KambhampatiC. MonsonJ.R.T. DrewP.J. Artificial intelligence in medicine.Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl.200486533433810.1308/14787080429015333167
    [Google Scholar]
  17. DaveM. PatelN. Artificial intelligence in healthcare and education.Br. Dent. J.20232341076176410.1038/s41415‑023‑5845‑237237212
    [Google Scholar]
  18. BajwaJ. MunirU. NoriA. WilliamsB. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Transforming the practice of medicine.Future Healthc. J.202182e188e19410.7861/fhj.2021‑009534286183
    [Google Scholar]
  19. AliO. AbdelbakiW. ShresthaA. ElbasiE. AlryalatM.A.A. DwivediY.K. A systematic literature review of artificial intelligence in the healthcare sector: Benefits, challenges, methodologies, and functionalities.J Innov Knowl.20238110033310.1016/j.jik.2023.100333
    [Google Scholar]
  20. OlawadeD.B. David-OlawadeA.C. WadaO.Z. AsaoluA.J. AdereniT. LingJ. Artificial intelligence in healthcare delivery: Prospects and pitfalls.Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health2024310010810.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100108
    [Google Scholar]
  21. KalraN. VermaP. VermaS. Advancements in AI based healthcare techniques with FOCUS ON diagnostic techniques.Comput. Biol. Med.202417910891710.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.10891739059212
    [Google Scholar]
  22. JagreetK. KulwinderS.M. AI-based healthcare platform for real-time, predictive and prescriptive analytics using reactive programming.J. Physics: Conf. Series201893301201010.1088/1742‑6596/933/1/012010
    [Google Scholar]
  23. WiljerD. HakimZ. Developing an artificial intelligence–enabled health care practice: Rewiring health care professions for better care.J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Sci.2019504Suppl. 2S8S1410.1016/j.jmir.2019.09.01031791914
    [Google Scholar]
  24. PriyankaE.B. ThangavelS. MohanasundaramR. SubramaniamS. Artificial intelligence approaches in healthcare informatics toward advanced computation and analysis.Open Biomed. Eng. J.2024181e1874120728149110.2174/0118741207281491240118060019
    [Google Scholar]
  25. BakerS. XiangW. Artificial intelligence of things for smarter healthcare: A survey of advancements, challenges, and opportunities.IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor.20232521261129310.1109/COMST.2023.3256323
    [Google Scholar]
  26. SunandaR. DongJ. DhaneshwarS. SiyandaX. PrabhatR.S. The potential application of artificial intelligence in healthcare and hospitals.ITM Web Conf.202353120100510.1051/itmconf/20235301005
    [Google Scholar]
  27. KlumppM. HintzeM. ImmonenM. Ródenas-RiglaF. PilatiF. Aparicio-MartínezF. ÇelebiD. LiebigT. JirstrandM. UrbannO. HedmanM. LipponenJ.A. BicciatoS. RadanA.P. ValdiviesoB. ThronickeW. GunopulosD. Delgado-GonzaloR. Artificial intelligence for hospital health care: Application cases and answers to challenges in european hospitals.Healthcare20219896110.3390/healthcare908096134442098
    [Google Scholar]
  28. SunartiS. Fadzlul RahmanF. NaufalM. RiskyM. FebriyantoK. MasninaR. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Opportunities and risk for future.Gac. Sanit.2021351Suppl. 1S67S7010.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.01933832631
    [Google Scholar]
  29. QuaziS. SahaR.P. SinghM.K. Applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare.J. Exp. Biol. Agric. Sci.202210121122610.18006/2022.10(1).211.226
    [Google Scholar]
  30. DavenportT. KalakotaR. The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare.Future Healthc. J.201962949810.7861/futurehosp.6‑2‑9431363513
    [Google Scholar]
  31. RahatK. AvlokitaS. PratyushS. RichaT. Role of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and treatment of various medical diseases in patients.AMEI’s Current Trends in Diags & Treat2021529298
    [Google Scholar]
  32. HafsaH. SurilG. Machine learning in healthcare.Curr Genomics202116429130010.2174/138920292266621070512435935273459
    [Google Scholar]
  33. WiensJ. ShenoyE.S. Machine learning for healthcare: On the verge of a major shift in healthcare epidemiology.Clin. Infect. Dis.201866114915310.1093/cid/cix73129020316
    [Google Scholar]
  34. MohdJ. AbidH. RaviP.S. RajivS. ShanayR. Significance of machine learning in healthcare: Features, pillars and applications.Int. J. Intel. Networks202235873
    [Google Scholar]
  35. MohdJ. AbidH. RaviP.S. MumtazA. Computer vision to enhance healthcare domain: An overview of features, implementation, and opportunities.Intelligent Pharmacy2024279280310.1016/j.ipha.2024.05.007
    [Google Scholar]
  36. AndreE. KatherineC. SerenaY. NikhilN. AliM. AliM. YunL. EricT. Deep learning-enabled medical computer vision. .NPJ. Digit. Med.2021519
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Rojas-CarabaliW. AgrawalR. Gutierrez-SinisterraL. BaxterS.L. Cifuentes-GonzálezC. WeiY.C. AbisheganadenJ. KannapiranP. WongS. LeeB. de-la-TorreA. AgrawalR. Natural language processing in medicine and ophthalmology: A review for the 21st-century clinician.Asia Pac. J. Ophthalmol.202413410008410.1016/j.apjo.2024.10008439059557
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Nathaniel Kumar SarellaP. Therissa MangamV. AI-driven natural language processing in healthcare: Transforming patient-provider communication.Indian J Pharm Pract.2024171212610.5530/ijopp.17.1.438092704
    [Google Scholar]
  39. CollinsB.X. Bélisle-PiponJ.C. EvansB.J. FerrymanK. JiangX. NebekerC. NovakL. RobertsK. WereM. YinZ. RavitskyV. CocoJ. Hendricks-SturrupR. WilliamsI. ClaytonE.W. MalinB.A. Bridge2AI Ethics and Trustworthy AI Working Group Addressing ethical issues in healthcare artificial intelligence using a lifecycle-informed process.JAMIA Open202474ooae10810.1093/jamiaopen/ooae10839553826
    [Google Scholar]
  40. MorleyJ. MachadoC.C.V. BurrC. CowlsJ. JoshiI. TaddeoM. FloridiL. The ethics of AI in health care: A mapping review.Soc. Sci. Med.202026011317210.1016/j.socscimed.2020.11317232702587
    [Google Scholar]
  41. ThomasianN.M. AdashiE.Y. Cybersecurity in the internet of medical things.Health Policy Technol.202110310054910.1016/j.hlpt.2021.100549
    [Google Scholar]
  42. FaisalA. AbdullahA. VivekS. SajjanS. IoMT-SAF: Internet of medical things security assessment framework.Internet of Things2019810012310.1016/j.iot.2019.100123
    [Google Scholar]
  43. SwethaS. NagaS.R.V. SiriC.K. Security protocols in healthcare: A comprehensive study of AI-Enabled IoMT.Magna Sci. Adv. Bio. Pharm.20241201032037
    [Google Scholar]
  44. KoutrasD. StergiopoulosG. DasaklisT. KotzanikolaouP. GlynosD. DouligerisC. Security in IoMT communications: A survey.Sensors20202017482810.3390/s2017482832859036
    [Google Scholar]
  45. KhalidN. QayyumA. BilalM. Al-FuqahaA. QadirJ. Privacy-preserving artificial intelligence in healthcare: Techniques and applications.Comput. Biol. Med.202315810684810.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.10684837044052
    [Google Scholar]
  46. HabliI. LawtonT. PorterZ. Artificial intelligence in health care: Accountability and safety.Bull. World Health Organ.202098425125610.2471/BLT.19.23748732284648
    [Google Scholar]
  47. MudgalS.K. AgarwalR. ChaturvediJ. GaurR. RanjanN. Real-world application, challenges and implication of artificial intelligence in healthcare: An essay.Pan Afr. Med. J.202243336284890
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Maleki VarnosfaderaniS. ForouzanfarM. the Role of AI in hospitals and clinics: Transforming healthcare in the 21st century.Bioengineering202411433710.3390/bioengineering1104033738671759
    [Google Scholar]
  49. MaheshN. DevishamaniC.S. RaghuK. MahalingamM. BysaniP. ChakravarthyA.V. RamanR. Advancing healthcare: The role and impact of AI and foundation models.Am. J. Transl. Res.20241662166217910.62347/WQWV922039006256
    [Google Scholar]
  50. KorenA. IoT health data in electronic health records (EHR): Security and privacy issues in era of 6G.J ICT Standard20221016384
    [Google Scholar]
  51. ShahidJ. AhmadR. KianiA.K. AhmadT. SaeedS. AlmuhaidebA.M. Data protection and privacy of the internet of healthcare things (IoHTs).Appl. Sci.20221241927194910.3390/app12041927
    [Google Scholar]
  52. PalaniappanK. LinE.Y.T. VogelS. Global regulatory frameworks for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare services sector.Healthcare202412556257410.3390/healthcare1205056238470673
    [Google Scholar]
  53. MorleyJ. MurphyL. MishraA. JoshiI. KarpathakisK. Governing data and artificial intelligence for health care: Developing an international understanding.JMIR Form. Res.202261e3162310.2196/3162335099403
    [Google Scholar]
  54. RoppeltJ.S. KanbachD.K. KrausS. Artificial intelligence in healthcare institutions: A systematic literature review on influencing factors.Technol. Soc.20247610244310.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102443
    [Google Scholar]
  55. AlaapB.S. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Can regulation catch up with innovation?J. Rob., Artif. Intel, & Law.2020314246
    [Google Scholar]
  56. ZhangJ. ZhangZ. Ethics and governance of trustworthy medical artificial intelligence.BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak.2023231710.1186/s12911‑023‑02103‑936639799
    [Google Scholar]
  57. DavidO. JordanH. YifanP. RonaldK.P. JeremyC.P. GaryL.L. YanshanW. Adopting and expanding ethical principles for generative artificial intelligence from military to healthcare. npj.Digit. Med.20236110
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Dankwa-MullanI. Health equity and ethical considerations in using artificial intelligence in public health and medicine.Prev. Chronic Dis.20242124024510.5888/pcd21.24024539173183
    [Google Scholar]
  59. LeimanisA. PalkovaK. Ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence in healthcare from the sustainable development perspective.Eur. J. Sustain. Dev.20211019010210.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n1p90
    [Google Scholar]
  60. Arbelaez OssaL. MilfordS.R. RostM. LeistA.K. ShawD.M. ElgerB.S. AI through ethical lenses: A discourse analysis of guidelines for AI in healthcare.Sci. Eng. Ethics20243032410.1007/s11948‑024‑00486‑038833207
    [Google Scholar]
  61. VermaR. Rethinking medical ethics: Artificial intelligence and healthcare – confronting.Glob Bioeth Inq J.201972949610.38020/GBE.7.2.2019.94‑96
    [Google Scholar]
  62. NicolasT. Of regulating healthcare AI and Robolts.Yale J. Health Policy Law Ethics2019183133190
    [Google Scholar]
  63. RamezaniM. TakianA. BakhtiariA. RabieeH.R. GhazanfariS. SazgarnejadS. Research agenda for using artificial intelligence in health governance: Interpretive scoping review and framework.BioData Min.20231613110.1186/s13040‑023‑00346‑w37904172
    [Google Scholar]
  64. PopaE.O. van HiltenM. OosterkampE. BogaardtM.J. The use of digital twins in healthcare: Socio-ethical benefits and socio-ethical risks.Life Sci. Soc. Policy2021171610.1186/s40504‑021‑00113‑x34218818
    [Google Scholar]
  65. DashS.P. The impact of IoT in healthcare: Global technological change & the roadmap to a networked architecture in India.J. Indian Inst. Sci.2020100477378510.1007/s41745‑020‑00208‑y33162693
    [Google Scholar]
  66. KumarM. KumarA. VermaS. BhattacharyaP. GhimireD. KimS.H. Healthcare internet if things (H-IoT): Current trends, future prospects, applications, challenges, and security issues.Electronics20231292050207010.3390/electronics12092050
    [Google Scholar]
  67. KellyJ.T. CampbellK.L. GongE. ScuffhamP. The internet of things: Impact and implications for health care delivery.J. Med. Internet Res.20202211e2013510.2196/2013533170132
    [Google Scholar]
  68. RasoolR.U. AhmadH.F. RafiqueW. QayyumA. QadirJ. Security and privacy of internet of medical things: A contemporary review in the age of surveillance, botnets, and adversarial ML.J. Netw. Comput. Appl.2022201110333210.1016/j.jnca.2022.103332
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Akoh Atadoga ToritsemogbaT.O. OluwafunmiA.E. Toritsemogba Tosanbami Omaghomi Oluwafunmi Adijat Elufioye Ifeoma Pamela Odilibe Andrew Ifesinachi Daraojimba Oluwaseyi Rita Owolabi Internet of things (IoT) in healthcare: A systematic review of use cases and benefits.Int J Sci Res Arch.20241111511151710.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0243
    [Google Scholar]
  70. OsamaM. AteyaA.A. SayedM.S. HammadM. PławiakP. Abd El-LatifA.A. ElsayedR.A. Internet of medical things and healthcare 4.0: Trends, requirements, challenges, and research directions.Sensors202323177435747110.3390/s2317743537687891
    [Google Scholar]
  71. RejebA. RejebK. TreiblmaierH. AppolloniA. AlghamdiS. AlhasawiY. IranmaneshM. The Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare: Taking stock and moving forward.Internet of Things20232210072110074410.1016/j.iot.2023.100721
    [Google Scholar]
  72. KhaledH.A. Application of Internet of Things in the healthcare domain.J. Umm. Al-Qura Univ. Eng. Archit.202314112
    [Google Scholar]
  73. DanielaP. Ethical Concerns and Solutions in Health Internet of Things. Proceeding of Int Conf on Informatics in Economy.Education, Research & Business Technologies IasiRomania, May 17-18, 2018, pp. 7-20.
    [Google Scholar]
  74. BouderhemR. Shaping the future of AI in healthcare through ethics and governance.Hum Soc Sci Commun.202411141642810.1057/s41599‑024‑02894‑w
    [Google Scholar]
  75. AdilM. AliJ. JadoonM.M. AlotaibiS.R. KumarN. FaroukA. SongH. COVID-19: Secure healthcare internet of things networks, current trends and challenges with future research directions.ACM Trans. Sens. Netw.202319312510.1145/3558519
    [Google Scholar]
  76. HeY. HeJ. WenN. The challenges of IoT-based applications in high-risk environments, health and safety industries in the Industry 4.0 era using decision-making approach.J Innov Knowl.20238210034710.1016/j.jik.2023.100347
    [Google Scholar]
  77. JokinenA. StoltM. SuhonenR. Ethical issues related to eHealth: An integrative review.Nurs. Ethics202128225327110.1177/096973302094576532930041
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cai/10.2174/0129503752344067250304080837
Loading
/content/journals/cai/10.2174/0129503752344067250304080837
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test