Recent Patents on Biotechnology - Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023

Background: The use of Lactobacillus probiotics may confer beneficial effects on an individual’s health, such as the ability to act against fungi of the genus Candida. There are about 200 species of those yeasts, and they can develop candidiasis infections, which affect about 75% of adult women. Objective: This study aimed to raise articles that investigated the potential action of several Lactobacillus strains in front of Candida species. Methods: For this review, 15 articles published between 2015 and 2020 were studied. Results: The results showed the Lactobacillus species L. paracasei, L. acidophilus, L. helveticus, L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri, and L. gasseri have the potential action to inhibit the growth and quantity of colony-forming units of Candida species in vitro studies. Further, they can reduce the rate of candidiasis recurrence and increase the cure rate, mainly when associated with traditional pharmacotherapy, as observed in vivo studies. Conclusion: The time of use and the strain of Lactobacillus probiotics can also be determining factors for the efficiency in the treatment against Candida species, suggesting that a long time of use of Lactobacillus probiotics is directly associated with a better result.

Different compounds with bioactive constituents can be applied as biostimulants to increase plant growth and development under both normal and stressful conditions. Biostimulant utilization can be considered a sustainable and beneficial nutritional crop management, and may decrease the negative impacts of excessive chemical fertilization. Google scholar, Science Direct, CAB Direct, Springer Link, Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor and Francis, and Wiley Online Library have been checked. The search was done to all manuscript sections according to the terms "Glomus intraradices", "Trichoderma atroviride", "Trichoderma reesei", "Heteroconium chaetospira", "Arthrobacter spp.", "Acintobacter spp.", "Enterobacer spp.", "Pseudomonas spp.", "Ochrobactrum spp.", "Bacilus spp.", "Rhodococcus spp.", "Biostimulants", and "Plant growth promotion". On the basis of the initial check, Titles and Abstracts were reviewed based on online literature, and then articles were read carefully. Within the framework of sustainable crop management, this review article aimed to provide an overview of the application of the most common fungi and bacteria as plant biostimulants on various crops.

Background: Levothyroxine Sodium is a thyroid hormone replacement therapy for Hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine Sodium is approved to treat Hypothyroidisim, to suppress thyroid hormone release from cancerous thyroid nodules, and to prevent the growth of goiters. In addition, it is also used to treat conditions such as myxedema, cretinism, and obesity. Objective: This assessment highlights the overview of the recent patents of Levothyroxine Sodium. This review includes patents grouped in sections like product patents, process patents, and composition-related patents, along with the treatment methodology. The objective of this article is to impel pseudoscientists to all existing patents in a solitary place. Methods: Data were gathered from various internet-based resources, including Patentscope ® (WIPO), Worldwide Espacenet® (EPO), Google Patents, and InPASS (Indian patent database). Results: Several new processes and composition-related patents of Levothyroxine Sodium have been reported. Further, due to the problem of photosensitivity, oxidation during development, and stability of Levothyroxine Sodium formulation, several excipients are tried in these patents to stabilize the same. However, the formulation of Levothyroxine Sodium with better characteristics needs to be developed. Conclusion: Extensive exposure has been carried out towards various processes for the preparation of Levothyroxine Sodium and the composition of the same. This sort of dynamic exploration will clear the path for many generic players, which will lead to the reduction of the expense of the composition and accordingly enhance global health care at a less expensive cost.

Despite an ever-increasing need for newer, safer, more effective, and more affordable therapies to treat a multitude of diseases and conditions, drug development takes too long, costs too much, and is too uncertain to be undertaken without the conferment of exclusionary rights or entry barriers to motivate and sustain investment in it. These entry barriers take the form of patents that protect intellectual property and marketing exclusivity provisions that are provided by statute. This review focuses on the basic ins and outs of regulatory and patent exclusivities for which new chemical entities (NCEs), referring to never-before approved drugs with an entirely new active ingredient, are eligible and uses RRx-001, a small molecule aerospace-derived NCE in development for the treatment of cancer, radiation toxicity, and diseases of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as a “real world” example. This is intended as a ‘101-type’ of primer; its aim is to help developers of original pharmaceuticals navigate the maze of patents, other IP regulations, and statutory exclusivities in major markets so that they can make proper use of them.

Background: As global awareness regarding climate change and environmental pollution outcomes arise, eco-friendly and negative emission technologies emerge. Methods: In this scenario, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-accumulating microorganisms play an important role in the transition from the petrochemical-based non-biodegradable polymer to renewable, eco-friendly, and biocompatible materials. More specifically, CO2 can be converted to biopolymers through photosynthesis by cyanobacteria and algae, posing as a promising technology for renewable material, CO2, and petroleum-dependence mitigations. However, although many microorganisms can accumulate PHA intracellularly, limitations persist, such as the elevated cost and limited market availability. Results: Herein is presented a patent-based mapping on technological trends of PHAs production, including its production by microalgae and cyanobacteria using the Questel Orbit Intelligence software (version 1.9.8) in complement with the Espacenet Patent Search database. Conclusion: The inquiry on PHAs retrieved 34,243 patents filed since 1912, whereas 156 are related to their specific production by photosynthetic microorganisms, evidencing a prospective market for intellectual property.

Background: Artemia is considered an indispensable live food for rearing many fish and crustacean larvae and can be used in toxicity tests as a safe, practical, and economical method. It is straightforward to create and manipulate; however, many cysts do not hatch as expected. Methods: A new device was used to hatch Artemia salina. The device includes a tubularshaped reservoir, lid with a central hole, heater with a thermostat, air compressor, three porous stones, funnel-shaped bottom, light source, collection valve, switch, and electrical outlet, which permits better control of temperature and aeration in a single apparatus. Different patent devices were used for comparative analysis. Results: Hatched eggs of Artemia showed that the device was 97% efficient; in comparison, commercial and other devices hatched approximately less than 80% of the cysts. Although Artemia is an easy-to-handle animal, the device described here facilitates changes in the growth parameters and produces more nauplii larvae. Conclusion: This paper presents a new device that is effective, compact, and successful for hatching brine shrimp cysts, thereby improving Artemia production.