Anti-Infective Agents - Volume 23, Issue 3, 2025

Rhodanines are five-member heterocyclics having sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms in their ring structure and exhibit potent as well as a broad range of pharmacological activities. They are thiazolidine derivatives and are well-known in medicinal chemistry for their wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Various modifications can be made to the structure of the rhodanine ring. Studies in recent years have validated the possibility of the potential of rhodanine derivatives to exhibit antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, as well as mycobacterial and fungal strains. In this review, the synthesis, biological activity, and Structure-activity Relationships (SARs) of molecules based on rhodanine against different microbes have been described.

As we know, the skin is part of our body, which acts as a protective barrier and protects us from deleterious agents. Any damage or destruction to the skin causes a rupture of the epidermis layer of skin. These wounds may lead to many problems if untreated, such as infection and inflammation, which result in slowing the natural wound healing process. In recent years, there have been numerous approaches and therapies available in the market. These approaches are painful and cause uneasiness to patients. The majority of wound treatment formulations contain antibiotics or synthetic moieties, which can lead to serious issues, such as drug resistance or allergy. Essential oil contains several secondary metabolites of aromatic medicinal plants known as essential oils, which have shown potential benefits in wound healing. They help to prevent further infection due to their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The present article highlights the various essential oils studied in wound healing management and their patents.

Viral infections impact millions of individuals annually and in 2018, the WHO called for global preparedness to address potential high-mortality pathogens, referred to as “Pathogen X,” which can include fungi, viruses, parasites, or prions. The constant evolution of RNA viruses leads to continually changing variants, challenging the effectiveness of vaccines and drugs. In underserved healthcare regions, plant-based phytochemicals offer promise in combating viral diseases due to their ready availability, proven effectiveness, and low toxicity. Amidst the evolving virus variants and recurring fatal outbreaks, especially in resource-constrained regions, phytochemicals hold promise as potential anti-infective agents. This review delves into plant-based antivirals, aiming to update plant-derived antiviral compounds' status against existing and emerging viruses from 2019 to 2023. The study aimed to identify active components from medicinal plants with IC50 and EC50 values against human-infecting viruses. It utilized in vitro and in vivo methods to predict phytochemical mechanisms and enhance bioavailability. Among the phytochemicals studied as antivirals, Emodin, Quercetin, Myricetin, Resveratrol, and Silymarin demonstrated efficacy against multiple viruses. Notably, certain plant compounds were effective against multiple viruses and could serve as potential antiviral treatments. Overall, the review illustrates that harnessing plant-derived compounds shows promise in combating current and evolving infectious threats.