Optimised Voltammetric Approaches for Clinical Sample Analysis

Extraordinary properties of nanomaterial lay a broad prospect for its application in various fields. Biosensors are a kind of special sensor which consists of biomolecule recognition element and transducer. Advances in biosensors with the use of micro/ nanomaterials are capable of detecting and analyzing living and chemical matter with high specificity, fastness, sensitivity, accuracy and low cost for the determination of proteins, hormone, enzyme, nucleic acid and other biological compounds in blood and urine samples. The basics of biosensors and optimized approaches for voltammetric clinical analysis are studied in this chapter. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EV) involved in extracellular communication between cells, and are recognized as potential markers of human health and diseases. An extensive molecular characteristic comparison of the exosomal components of healthy and disordered cells or tissues reveals the differences. • Electrochemical approaches for the analysis of clinical samples are developing at an incredible rate with advances in nanotubes and nanomaterials as biosensors. • Exosomes play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication in normal health and disease. They are potential biomarkers exploited for emerging non-invasive diagnosis. • CNT sensors are capable of precise quantitative and qualitative detection of analytes.