A Modified Nanostructured Gd-WO3, Sensing Interface Morphology, their Voltammetric Determination and Applications in Advanced Energy Storage Devices

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Perovskite electrodes can be a pertinent method to enhance electrochemicalvoltammetric sensing performances. In the present research, GdxWO3 (x = 2, 5, 10 wt.%) nanostructures (NS) are synthesized by a facile co-precipitation method, calcinatedat 750-800 °C and subsequently fabricated using electron beam deposition method overglass substrate used for electrochemical voltammetric determination. Scanning electronmicroscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed to examine the crystal phase andmorphology of the gadolinium doped nanostructures thus prepared. Surface chemicalcomposition, chemical bond analysis, dispersion of Gd into WO3 were confirmed byXPS (X-ray photoelectron spectral) studies. SEM (scanning electron microscopy)micrographs showed flake-like surface morphology can act as sensing interface forfacile transfer of electrons over NS of GdxWO3, and SEM cross section micrographsrevealed agglomerated densely packed rod like structure. Gdx WO3 nanostructureshowed ~ 89 nm grain, ~ 110 nm grain boundary distances, UV-visible absorptivitymaxima observed between 280 nm to 340 nm for Gdx WO3 NS. Electrochemical cyclicvoltammetry performance was tested in three electrodes assembled for highperformance energy storage applications, involving cyclic voltammetric chargedischarge cycles and sensing interface between fabricated NS, and cyclic voltammetrycarried out in 6M KOH solution. GdxWO3 demonstrates a specific capacitance of 450F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g. Gd-WO3 NS has a capacitance retention rate of88.5% after 5,000 cycles (cyclic stability). Voltammetric characteristics indicate thatGdx WO3 NS is a promising electrode material for energy storage devices and can beused as high-performance super capacitor applications.