Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship (Discontinued) - Volume 4, Issue 1, 2017

Energy has been a key in the progress of human society. In order to meet the increase in energy demand in the 21st Century, efficient and effective management of energy resources and innovative technology for producing it is inevitable and has become very crucial. Focusing on the Japanese pioneering Smart House case, I would like to search the potential of new energy industry for the regional development and ecological sustainability in Myanmar. This paper will help us in examining a possibility of option-games for optimizing total firms’ values between flexibility and commitment in founding the strategic partnerships as an industrial cluster formation. And in this paper, by analyzing the situation of two firms in a joint research venture for the Smart House, we find that a pioneer can create win-win relationship with a follower or a rival to recover its irreversible investment, to some extent, through the sharing strategy.

The global warming caused by the ever-increasing emission of greenhouse gasses has been challenging all countries to do a response embracing the needs and interests in Vietnam, known as one of the poor countries, would be the most seriously affected by climate change, especially by sea level. Meanwhile, Japan is moving forward aggressively to become a major global player in Smart Cities with one of the main purposes of exporting low-carbon technology to developing countries in South-East Asia through some green projects after the Japan’s earthquake. That is the reason we focus on the promising ‘Smart City’ project for considering the suitable investment in long-term development in energy security and climate change in Vietnam. However, it requires huge investment financial amounts and long-term to profitability under uncertainty. Hence, PPP (Public-Private Partnership) is an attractive scheme to optimize the trade-off between Vietnamese government-owned corporation (seeking for technology and capital) and foreign private firms (for market demand and carbon credits through CDM). In a context of a strategic partnership as a competition method, the option-games as a methodology analyze the relationship of competition and partnership between foreign firms and the Government owned-corporation for irreversible investment under uncertainty and competitiveness. Then the result from Crystal Ball and OptQuest stimulation (one of stochastic optimization tools in simulation software Crystal Ball) is significantly useful to analyze the optimized value of Project.

Background: After many decades, entrepreneurship education is now frequently embedded in universities globally. Even so challenges often remain. In a factor-driven economy like Egypt, the twin concepts of entrepreneurship education and the entrepreneurial university are somewhat new. Accordingly, this research explores, through a study of five of the country’s universities, the level of understanding of the twin concepts and the challenges the universities encounter when attempting to implement them. Conclusion: The study concludes that only one of the 5 Egyptian universities studied may be regarded as an entrepreneurial university and that although all of them offer programmes in entrepreneurship and have plans to extend their involvement, they are facing numerous challenges. The article makes recommendations for both the universities and the Egyptian Government, and argues for a national policy that requires the country’s universities both to become entrepreneurial and to introduce entrepreneurial education to all students. The findings have relevance for economies other than Egypt that are seeking to compete in the global knowledge economy.

Entrepreneurs and Investors found ventures for transferring technology and bringing it closer to the market. Focussing on a situation in which the investor exercises hold-up at the disadvantage of the entrepreneur, this paper works on three points: We identify (1) conditions which make hold-up possible, and discuss (2) measures which help entrepreneurs to protect themselves against hold-up. (3) The balance of powers in a venture is related to returns to scale. Overall, the paper contributes to the theory of small-seized firms which are exposed to high uncertainties including behavioural opportunism.

Background: Possibilities of transferring cost-effective, innovative water and wastewater technologies on public water markets are discussed based on the experiences of the Dutch water business cluster in the Central and Eastern European Countries. These transfers evolved under suitable conditions, among others financial support of the suppliers, obsolete local water technologies, demanding European policies and co-financing of the adopters’ investments. While acting in the cluster and the financial support reduced the suppliers’ transaction costs, the chance of successful transfer was low because adoption of the innovative water technologies is generally costlier than keeping obsolete technologies whose costs are sunk. The communities were prone to adopt the innovative water technologies if they can gain valuable water uses for public health, tourism, education, nature and so on. Conclusion: Strict environmental demands are insufficient for the technology adoption because of poor enforcement. The suppliers’ technological know-how provides low value added because communities perceive water technology markets as transparent; income-generating models are more attractive. Subsidies for water innovations transfers reinforce the disparity between the suppliers and adopters’ interests when do not support value adding services related to water technologies. Integration of the value adding services in water innovations transfers is recommended.

Background: The patents granted on modern biotechnology in its early years increased faster compared to other fields. This is because biotech is a sector that intensively generates and uses basic and applied science to obtain products and processes that must be protected from imitation by competitors. The management of human talent to enhance the inventions should be planned strategically and must be integrated with the management of innovation. Objective: This paper focuses on the analysis of the innovation management in the main Cuban Biotechnology Centers especially at the Centro de Inmunologia Molecular. Method: The information was gathered from websites of public domain: USPTO database, Espacenet, Cuban Intellectual Property Office and the databases of Centro de Inmunologia Molecular and Centro de Ingenieria Genetica y Biotecnologia. Results: The two Cuban companies actively patenting in United States, Europe and Japan are biotech companies which are Centro de Ingenieria Genetica y Biotecnologia and Centro de Inmunologia Molecular, in this order. Both companies have also received different awards granted by World Intellectual Property Organization, Cuban Industrial Property Office and Cuban Academy of Science. Conclusion: The development of closed production cycle as well as the connections of these entities with educational institutions, allows the innovation management in the above centers. However, it is evident that in Cuba for R+D+i system effectiveness strategic policies contributing to the development of efficient production chains and value outside of Havana and the retention of highly qualified personnel in the most dynamic and creative sectors of the Cuban economy are required.

Indonesia is endowed with a rich and unique biodiversity, including many important food and economic crops. Utilizing these biological resources properly in sustainable ways is important for Indonesia for the purpose of improving the welfare of the nation. Indonesia is taking the development of Biopark, a kind of Science Park that focuses on biotechnology, into consideration but to date it has not been realized. The establishment of Biopark is expected to be a stimulus for foundation of start-up or value growth of established company. The possible reason of investment delay is that the project seems to have a negative net present value (NPV). It needs appropriate way to assess the value of investment in Biopark. Real options analysis (ROA), especially growth option, can be a useful framework to value the investment in Biopark. ROA valuation of investment in Biopark is expected to encourage the stakeholders to start the project as soon as possible. Meanwhile, Indonesia has problem in lack of funding and insufficient human resource capability. Indonesia is better to invite funding as well as technology from another country, which is more advanced in this field. Option-games could be a useful framework to analyse what kind of condition is necessary for Indonesia to invite funding and technology from another country in the frame of win-win relationship. This research is expected to give an illustration and conception about investment planning on potential project, which is Biopark to encourage the founding of ecosystem of Agri-biotech start-ups.