Optimization of Energy Consumption with the Gateway Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks

Background and Objective: Wireless sensors networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of devices called sensors. These sensors have the ability to collect physical quantities depending on the study area, then performing processing on the collected data before cooperating with each other in order to route these quantities to a center called a base station. The main requirements of wireless sensors networks are to prolong the lifetime of network and the energy efficiency while keeping the quality of information sent to the network. Methods: In this paper, a routing approach is proposed in order to transfer the data in the wireless sensors networks structured into clusters, each cluster has a cluster-head which routes the data to the appropriate gateway node, then the gateway nodes aggregate data, send it to the base station. The gateway node serves as an access point which forwards the data to the base station. To validate the proposed approach, an evaluation step has been performed by comparing the proposed multi-hop protocol with one of the existing systems in the related work. Result and Conclusion: The obtained results from the simulation show that the proposed algorithm achieves longer lifetime. In addition, it is efficient in managing the energy constraints of the network.