Explore the Optimal Node Degree of Interfirm Network for Efficient Knowledge Sharing

Background: Network structure is a critical issue for efficient inter-firm knowledge sharing. The optimal node degree plays a major role because it is generally regarded as a core proxy of network structural characteristics. This paper aims to examine what is the optimal node degree for an efficient network structure. Methods: Based on an interaction rule combining the barter rule and the gift rule, this study first describes and then builds a knowledge diffusion process. Then using four factors, namely network size, network randomness, knowledge endowment of network, and knowledge stock of each firm, we examined the factors that influence the optimal node degree for efficient knowledge sharing. Results: The simulation results show that the optimal node degree can be determined along with the change in external factors. Furthermore, changing the network randomness and network size has a little impact on the node degree. Instead, both knowledge endowment of network and knowledge stock of each firm have a significant impact on the node degree. Conclusion: It has been found that an optimal node degree can always be found in any condition, which confirms the existence of a balanced state. Thus, policymakers can determine the appropriate number of links to avoid redundancy and thus reduce cost in interfirm networks. We also examined how different factors influence the size of the optimal node degree, and as a result, policymakers can set an appropriate number of links under different situations.