Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery - Online First
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West African Medicinal Plant Substances and Molecules Activities Against Viral Hepatitis B and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Pengdwendé Fabienne Ingrid Zongo, Bagora Bayala and Jacques SimporeAvailable online: 21 October 2024More LessBackgroundChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global public health problem with devastating consequences, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, approved treatments are limited to interferon and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues for chronic hepatitis B and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery for cancer. Both treatments have their limitations, making complete cure an elusive goal. Therefore, the identification of new therapeutic targets using medicinal plants and the development of new antiviral and anticancer strategies are of utmost importance.
ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to identify from the literature the substances and molecules of West African flora involved in the fight against chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer and to provide a summary of their mechanisms of action.
MethodsPubmed, HAL open science, and Google Scholar literature search engines were used to identify medicinal plants and molecules from the West African flora.
ResultsAmong West African countries, Gambia and Niger had the highest prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection, and 09 West African countries had high rates of liver cancer. A number of studies carried out in Mali, Benin, Senegal, and Burkina Faso enabled us to list anti-HBV and anticancer plants, as well as a number of molecules isolated from plants found in West African regions.
ConclusionBy offering a glimpse into the world of anti-HBV and anticancer molecules from West Africa, this review provides valuable information to support the future development of herbal antiviral and anticancer drugs.
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Quercetin Promotes the M1-to-M2 Macrophage Phenotypic Switch During Liver Fibrosis Treatment by Modulating the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Dongqi Sun, Xiaoling Zhou, Teng Wu, Zepeng Li, Shigao Huang and Zheng PengAvailable online: 02 October 2024More LessObjectiveTo investigate the underlying mechanism by which quercetin (Que) regulates macrophage polarization and its subsequent therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis, an important pathological precondition for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
MethodsIn vitro experiments were performed on the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage line. After the induction of M1-type macrophages with LPS, the effects of Que on cell morphology, M1/M2 surface marker expression, cytokine expression, and JAK2/STAT3 expression were analyzed. In vivo, male SD rats were used as a model of CCL4-induced hepatic fibrosis, and the effects of Que on serum aminotransferase levels, the histopathological structure of liver tissues, and macrophage-associated protein expression in liver tissues were analyzed.
ResultsIn vitro experiments revealed that Que can suppress the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to decreases in the expression of M1 macrophage surface markers and cytokines. Additionally, Que was found to increase the expression of M2 macrophage surface markers and cytokines. In vivo, assays demonstrated that Que significantly ameliorated the development of inflammation and fibrosis in a rat liver fibrosis model.
ConclusionQue can inhibit hepatic fibrosis by promoting M1 to M2 macrophage polarization, which could be associated with its ability to suppress the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in macrophages.
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